Human Anatomy and Physiology : Help with Spinal Physiology
Study concepts, example questions & explanations for Human Anatomy and Physiology
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Example Questions
Example Question #11 : Help With Spinal Physiology
What carries pain and temperature sensation to the face?
Cranial nerve 7 (facial)
Spinothalamic tract
Cranial nerve 5 (trigeminal)
Dorsal columns
Spinocerebellar tract
Cranial nerve 5 (trigeminal)
Unlike the body, where the spinothalamic tract sends pain and temperature information, the trigeminal nerve does this for the face. This is processed through the trigeminal ganglion which then synapsis to the spinal trigeminal nucleus before going to the thalamus.
Example Question #12 : Help With Spinal Physiology
Through where does touch information of the face pass?
Cranial nerve 7 (facial)
Dorsal columns
Cranial nerve 5 (trigeminal)
Fasciculus cuneatus
Fasciculus gracilus
Cranial nerve 5 (trigeminal)
The face is unique in which the sensation of touch is processed through the trigeminal nerve through the trigeminal ganglion which later synapses to the chief nucleus. Don't confuse this with fasciculus gracilus, which transmits touch info from T8 and down and cuneatus that does T8 and up.
Example Question #13 : Help With Spinal Physiology
Which of these fiber is the least myelinated?
All of these are equally myelinated
A delta fibers
A beta fibers
C fibers
A alpha fibers
C fibers
C fibers are the least myelinated fibers that carry sensory information. They are responsible for the "slow" more excruciating pain that people tend to experience after the initial pain occurs with an injury. They are known as the slow fibers because the less myelinated a fiber is the slower the conduction speed it has to send the information.
Example Question #14 : Help With Spinal Physiology
What type or types of nerve fibers are found in the dorsal roots of spinal nerves?
Visceral afferent and somatic afferent axons
Somatic efferent axons only
Somatic efferent axons serving muscles derived from the dorsal body wall
Visceral efferent (autonomic) axons only
Visceral afferent and somatic afferent axons
Visceral afferent and somatic afferent axons are found in the dorsal roots of spinal nerves. The dorsal root emerges directly from the spinal cord and travels to the dorsal root ganglion. It then joins fibers with the ventral root to make a mixed spinal nerve. The dorsal root relays sensory information (thus has afferent axons).
Example Question #15 : Help With Spinal Physiology
Which of these is a feature of the somatic motor nervous system?
Somatic motor outflow from the CNS is limited to the spinal cord from T1 through L1 or L2
Muscle contraction ceases when neural stimulation ceases
The somatic motor nervous system includes a limited number of fibers from the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
Some axons in peripheral nerves carry signals that prevent or weaken the contraction of skeletal muscle fibers
Muscle contraction ceases when neural stimulation ceases
The somatic nervous system is the voluntary nervous system and part of the peripheral nervous system. It is associated with voluntary skeletal muscle control over body movements and is associated with involuntary reflex arcs. The somatic nervous system consists of afferent (relay sensations to central nervous system) and efferent (relays commands from central nervous system to the body) nerves stimulating muscle contractions. Thus muscle contraction ceases when neural stimulation ceases.
Example Question #11 : Help With Spinal Physiology
At which vertebra is the conus medullaris found?
T2
L2
C1
T12
S2
L2
The conus medullaris is the cone-shaped ending of the spinal cord and it is found at the level of the second lumbar vertebrae (L2). It is located superior to the cauda equina.
Example Question #17 : Central Nervous System
The cauda equina falls within which area?
L5 to S5
conus medullaris to C0
T12 to C0
S5 to C0
T12 to L5
conus medullaris to C0
The cauda equina is the bottom of the conus medullaris. It extends from the conus medullaris and terminates at C0 vertebrae.
Example Question #16 : Help With Spinal Physiology
Which of these areas in the spinal cord is responsible for sensory information?
Ventral root
Dorsal root
gray commissure
central canal
lateral horn
Dorsal root
The Dorsal root is responsible for sensory information because it contains the somae of sensory neurons. The Ventral root, on the other hand, contains the somae of motor neurons and therefore is responsible for the motor division.
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