Human Anatomy and Physiology : Gross Anatomy

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for Human Anatomy and Physiology

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Example Questions

Example Question #461 : Gross Anatomy

Which of the following structures is not found in the knee?

Possible Answers:

Medial collateral ligament

Posterior cruciate ligament

Lateral meniscus

Anterior cruciate ligament

Glenohumeral ligament

Correct answer:

Glenohumeral ligament

Explanation:

The glenohumeral ligaments are not found in the knee. The superior, inferior, and medial glenohumeral ligaments are found in the shoulder and play a role in stabilizing the glenohumeral joint, which connects the humerus and the glenoid fossa of the scapula.

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), medial collateral ligament (MCL), and lateral meniscus are all structures found in the knee.

Example Question #2 : Identifying Tendons And Ligaments

Which of the following is not a ligament in the shoulder?

Possible Answers:

Coracoacromial ligament

Coracoclavicular ligament

Medial collateral ligament

Superior glenohumeral ligament

Acromioclavicular ligament

Correct answer:

Medial collateral ligament

Explanation:

The medial collateral ligament (MCL) is not part of the shoulder, but is a ligament on the medial side of the knee.

The superior glenohumeral ligament, acromioclavicular ligament, coracoclavicular ligament, coracoacromial ligament are all ligaments of the shoulder. Major structures related to should functionality include the glenoid fossa, the acromion process, and the coracoid process, which are all structures of the scaupla. The humerus and clavicle articulate with the processes to form the shoulder joints.

Example Question #3 : Identifying Tendons And Ligaments

The calcaneal tendon is formed from the joined tendons of all of the following muscles except the __________.

Possible Answers:

Tendons from all of these muscles combine to form the calcaneal tendon

plantaris

gastrocnemius

popliteus 

soleus

Correct answer:

popliteus 

Explanation:

The calcaneal tendon (also called the Achilles tendon) is formed from the combined tendons of all the superficial muscles of the posterior leg. These muscles are the gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris.

The popliteus is a muscle of the posterior leg, however it is found in the deep layer. It functions in unlocking the knee from the extended position.

Example Question #4 : Identifying Tendons And Ligaments

Where could one find the coronary ligament?

Possible Answers:

Shoulder

Knee

Heart

Pericardium

Lungs

Correct answer:

Knee

Explanation:

There are two different coronary ligaments in the body. The coronary ligament of the liver serves to connect the liver to the inferior surface of the diaphragm; as this is not an answer option, we must be looking at the second type of coronary ligament.

The coronary ligament of the knee serves to connect the menisci to the tibial condyles, and is continuous with the joint capsule of the knee.

Example Question #462 : Gross Anatomy

Which of the following is a ligament found in the foot?

Possible Answers:

Arcuate popliteal ligament

Oblique popliteal ligament

Cervical ligament

Anterior cruciate ligament

Correct answer:

Cervical ligament

Explanation:

The anterior cruciate ligament stabilizes the knee by preventing excess anterior tibial translation. The oblique popliteal ligament stabilizes the posteromedial ligament. The arcuate popliteal ligament stabilizes the posterolateral knee capsule.The cervical ligament helps stabilize the subtalar joint.

Example Question #463 : Gross Anatomy

Which of the following hip movements, does the ischiofemoral ligament not resist?

Possible Answers:

External rotation

Extension

Internal rotation

Adduction

Correct answer:

External rotation

Explanation:

Depending on the portion of the ligament, the ischiofemoral ligament resists femoral (hip) extension, internal rotation, and adduction. The lateral fibers of this ligament resist internal rotation and extension, while its more superior fibers resist adduction. External rotation is resisted primarily by the iliofemoral ligament.

Example Question #1 : Identifying Tendons And Ligaments

The sustentaculum part of which bone?

Possible Answers:

Calcaneus

Talus

Tibia

Navicular

Correct answer:

Calcaneus

Explanation:

The sustentaculum tali projects from the medial calcaneus. It serves as an attachment site for the tibiocalcanel fibers of the deltoid ligament. Additionally, it serves an attachment for the plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament.

Example Question #464 : Gross Anatomy

Which of the following ligaments is not a part of the deltoid ligament of the ankle?

Possible Answers:

Tibionavicular

Tibiocalcaneal

Anterior tibiotalar

Posterior tibiotalar

Calcaneofibular

Correct answer:

Calcaneofibular

Explanation:

The calcaneofibular ligament is located on the lateral side of the ankle instead of the medial side where the deltoid ligament is located. All other ligaments are part of the deltoid ligament of the ankle.

Example Question #465 : Gross Anatomy

Which of the following is the primary purpose of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)?

Possible Answers:

To prevent medial displacement of the tibia 

To resist hyperextension 

To bind the anterior ends of the lateral and medial menisci 

To prevent lateral displacement of the tibia 

To resist hyperflexion

Correct answer:

To resist hyperflexion

Explanation:

The posterior cruciate ligament is responsible for resisting hyperflexion of the knee joint. The anterior cruciate ligament is responsible for resisting hypertension of the knee joint. The transverse ligament is responsible for binding the anterior ends of the lateral and medial menisci.

Example Question #466 : Gross Anatomy

Which ligament connects the laminae of the vertebral column and has a yellowish color due to the presence of elastin?

Possible Answers:

Nuchal ligament

None of these

Anterior longitudinal ligament

Posterior longitudinal ligament

Ligamentum flavum

Correct answer:

Ligamentum flavum

Explanation:

All the other answer choices are also ligaments of the spinal cord. The anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments run along the bodies of the vertebra rather than the laminae, and the nuchal ligament is a thin flap that connects from the cervical spine to the occipital bone. It helps prevent too much forward flexion of the head.

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