Vapor pressure relates to the molecules' ability to escape from their liquid form into a gaseous state. The weaker the intermolecular forces, the greater the vapor pressure (VP). Liquids with hydrogen bonding general have high VP. Bigger and longer molecules have larger VP then smaller ones. Methane does not hydrogen bond, and it is a relatively small molecule, thus many molecules will have enough energy to break the weak intermolecular forces and enter the gaseous phase. Both water and methanol can hydrogen bond. Propane has weak bonds like methane, but it is a larger molecule and will thus have a lower vapor pressure.

Gases with high higher molecular weights are going to move at slower velocities. At a given temperature, all gases have the same average kinetic energy. For this to remain true, larger molecules must move slower since they have greater masses.

The gas to diffuse quickest will have the smallest molecular weight. In this case, that gas is hydrogen.

Gases are able to effuse though small pinhole openings, and diffuse into empty spaces from high to low concentrations. The kinetic energy of gas molecules is dependent on temperature. Higher temperatures cause in increase in the kinetic energy of the particles.

Gases have very low densities. Density is a measure of mass per unit volume. Since the gas molecules are spread out over a much larger distance compared to liquids and solids, their densities are very low.

The partial pressures of each gas are not dependent on their masses, but the total number of moles of gas in the container. Since we know how much pressure the fluorine gas exerts on the container, we can solve for the molar fraction of fluorine gas in the container. 

In other words, 62.5% of the gas in the container is fluorine gas. Knowing this, we can solve for how many moles of neon gas are in the container.

50 grams of fluorine gas is equal to 1.32 moles of fluorine gas. If this molar amount accounts for 62.5% of the gas in the container, we can solve for the total number of moles in the container:

Since there are only two gases in the container, we can solve for the number of moles of neon gas in the container.

Since there are .79 moles of neon gas, we can multiply by the molar mass and find the toal mass of the neon gas in the container:

There are six primary properties of gases: expansion, fluidity, low density, compressibility, diffusion, and effusion.

Expansion suggests that gases have no defined shape and will expand to fill a given space, without significant intermolecular interaction. Fluidity is a property of both gases and liquids and describes the relatively low attraction between particles. This allows the gas molecules to move past one another, creating the "fluid" nature of the gas. Low density of gases is linked to gas expansion. Gases will expand to the greatest extent possible, resulting in low mass per unit volume ratios. Compressibility is also linked to expansion and the indefinite shape of the gas, essentially suggesting that the distance between particles can be reduced if pressure is increased. Diffusion and effusion are both linked to the movement of gases. Diffusion means that gases can spread out and mix within a given space, while effusion means that gases can pass through a small opening at a given rate.

Some of these properties are unique to gases, while others are shared between gases and liquids. Gases have virtually no physical properties in common with solids.

Each gas in a mixture of gases exerts its own pressure independently of the other gases present; therefore the pressure of each gas within a mixture is called the partial pressure of the gas.  

Dalton's law of partial pressures states that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the component gases. This can be expressed mathematically as follows:

Boyle's law and Gay-Lussac's law can help determine pressure in varying volumes and temperatures, respectively, but can only be useful with regard to the total pressure of the system. The second law of thermodynamics is not related to gas properties, and states that the entropy of the universe is constantly increasing.

Use Dalton's law of partial pressure:

Where  is the partial pressure of oxygen and  is the mole fraction of oxygen. Plug in known values and solve.

Divide each component by their molecular weight to obtain the number of moles. The hydrogen gas has the most moles that occupy the same volume. Remember that of the answer choices, hydrogen, and oxygen are both diatomic gasses, which needs to be taken into account when calculating the number of moles. For simplicity, let's assume we have 1L of each gas.

As an example, let's calculate the number density for oxygen to show that it is indeed less than that for hydrogen.

Since pressure is kept constant, the only variable that is manipulated is temperature. This means that we can use Charles's law in order to compare volume and temperature. Since volume and temperature are on opposite sides of the ideal gas law, they are directly proportional to one another. As one variable increases, the other will increase as well.

Charles's law is written as follows:

To use this law, we must first convert the temperatures to Kelvin.

Use these temperatures and the initial volume to solve for the final volume.

Charles's law defines the direct relationship between temperature and volume. When the parameters of a system change, Charles's law helps us anticipate the effect the changes have on volume and temperature.

Boyle's law relates pressure and volume:

Charles's law relates temperature and volume:

Gay-Lussac's law relates temperature and pressure:

The combined gas law takes Boyle's, Charles's, and Gay-Lussac's law and combines it into one law:

The ideal gas law relates temperature, pressure, volume, and moles in coordination with the ideal gas constant: