Peroxisomes are responsible for detoxification. They contain many enzymes that breakdown lipids and amino acids. Additionally, they breakdown toxins like alcohol in the cells of the liver. 

Organic compounds are defined as solids, liquids, or gases whose molecular structure includes carbon. Inorganic compounds, in contrast, do not contain carbon. Organic compounds might contain other elements, like hydrogen and oxygen, but not all compounds need these other elements to be considered organic.

Living organisms are primarily made up of organic molecules, which contain carbon. The six most prevalent elements in living organisms are carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, and sulfur, in that order.

Carbon and hydrogen are found in the basic monomer structure of all biological macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids). Nitrogen is found in amino acids, which form proteins, and the nitrogenous bases in nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). Oxygen is found in all biological macromolecules. Phosphorous is found in nucleic acids and lipids, such as phospholipids in the cell membrane. Sulfur is found in cysteine, a specific amino acid.

Since carbon is in group IV of the periodic table, we know that it has four valence electrons. Most elements (with the exceptions of hydrogen and helium) are most stable when they have filled their valence shell with eight electrons. For carbon to fill its valence shell, it needs to make four covalent bonds. Remember that carbon is not very electronegative and only very rarely (if ever) forms ionic bonds. This means that carbon will not donate, nor accept electrons; rather it will share them with other atoms to form molecules.

Carbon has four electrons in its valence shell which means it needs four more to have a stable octet. This means that the maximum number of bonds it can form is four when each bond only contributes one electron to the relationship.

One of the reasons carbon is so ubiquitous in biological structures is the fact that it has four valence electrons, meaning it likes to form four bonds to complete an octet in its outer shell. Being able to form four bonds means that it can bind to multiple other atoms covalently and with high stability.

Organic compounds are defined as solids, liquids, or gases whose molecular structure includes carbon. Inorganic compounds, in contrast, do not contain carbon. Organic compounds might contain other elements, like hydrogen and oxygen, but not all compounds need these other elements to be considered organic.

Homeostasis means "staying still" in Greek, and is a property of the human body that describes when functions and processes allow the conditions of the body to remain stable. This does not mean that the body ceases any function. It simply means that the current functions of the body are able to keep the body at a stable condition.

For example, blood glucose in the body is under homeostatic regulation by the hormones insulin and glucagon. Both hormones are always in circulation, meaning that glucose is both being released into the blood and begin taken from the blood for storage. The result is a stable amount of glucose because both processes occur together. When a meal causes blood glucose to rise, insulin levels increase and glucagon levels decrease to accommodate the change, but both hormones are still present. This creates a dynamic equilibrium in which glucose is both retained and released, allowing a stable amount to be in circulation.

A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a reaction by lowering the activation energy needed for the given chemical reaction to occur. Activation energy is the input of energy required for a reaction to occur. This energy is used to break the bonds of the reactant, allowing the reaction to proceed. If a catalyst lowers the amount of energy needed for a reaction to occur, the reaction can occur at a faster rate because it reaches that lower energy level more quickly than it would have the original higher energy level.

The situation describing ATP production is the only one in which there is no problem in need of correction. Homeostasis requires maintenance of a balance. While ATP production is an essential process, the simple function of the ATP synthase proton pump is not directly related to biological stability in homeostasis.

All other answers describe situations in which the body corrects a problem or situation and restores balance to internal mechanisms. This is the nature of homeostasis—there is a disruption to the balance, and the body adjusts in order to keep the processes running smoothly.