A nucleotide is the building block of nucleic acids (a type of macromolecule). It is made up of three main parts: phosphate group(s), pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, or uracil). The amount of phosphate groups, the type of pentose sugar, and the type of nitrogenous base varies based on the nucleotide. For example, RNA contains ribose sugar whereas DNA contains deoxyribose sugar.

Arginine is a type of amino acid. Recall that amino acids are found in polypeptide chains that make up proteins (another type of macromolecule); therefore, arginine is found in proteins rather than nucleic acids.

The main difference between a nucleotide and a nucleoside is the presence or absence of phosphate group(s). A nucleotide contains one or more phosphate groups, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base. A nucleoside, on the other hand, contains only a pentose sugar and a nitrogenous base; therefore, a nucleotide always contains more phosphate groups than a nucleoside.

NADH is a coenzyme that functions to carry electrons during metabolism. It is made up of adenine (a nitrogenous base), nicotinamide (a modified nitrogenous base), two phosphate groups, and two pentose sugars. Since it contains nitrogenous bases, phosphate groups, and pentose sugars it is a type of nucleotide.

cAMP, or cyclic adenosine monophosphate, is a second messenger molecule that facilitates signal transduction inside the cell. It is made up of adenine, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar (ribose); therefore, it is also a type of nucleotide.

Acetylcholine is a type of neurotransmitter that plays a key role in signal transmission between neurons. Acetylcholine does not contain the three essential groups for a nucleotide; therefore, acetylcholine is not a nucleotide.

To answer this question you need to know the difference between a nucleotide and a DNA backbone. A nucleotide is the monomer of nucleic acids and is made up of phosphate group(s), a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base. A DNA molecule is a type of nucleic acid and is made up of several nucleotides.

DNA has two different structural divisions: the DNA backbone and the nitrogenous bases. The DNA backbone consists of the phosphate groups and pentose sugars, whereas the bases consist of only the nitrogenous bases. This means that the DNA backbone does not contain any nitrogenous bases; therefore, nucleotide contains more nitrogenous bases than the DNA backbone.

Since the full DNA molecules has several nucleotides, the DNA backbone contains multiple phosphate groups and pentose sugars; therefore, the DNA backbone always contains more phosphate groups and pentose sugars than a nucleotide molecule.

The four nitrogenous bases found in DNA are: thymine, cytosine, adenine, and guanine. Uracil is a nitrogenous base that takes the place of thymine in RNA. Note that uracil only base pairs with adenine, forming two hydrogen bonds.

DNA contains four nitrogen bases: adenine, thiamine, guanine and cytosine. Adenine and thymine pair, and guanine and cytosine pair. Adenine and thiamine form two hydrogen bonds, and guanine and cytosine form three hydrogen bonds. In RNA, uracil takes thiamine's and binds with adenine.

Bonds between A-T (adenine and thymine) are held together by 2 hydrogen bonds, while G-C (guanine and cytosine) are held together by 3 hydrogen bonds. Therefore, A-T bonds are weaker, and will separate first when exposed to heat stress. DNA does not contain uracil.

Guanine always binds to cytosine in DNA and RNA. Thymine always bonds to adenine in DNA. Uracil replaces thymine in RNA, and uracil bonds to adenine.

Adenine and guanine are the purines that bond to the pyrimidines. Cytosine and thymine are the pyrimidines. The purines consist of two carbon rings, and the pyrimidines consist of one carbon ring.

DNA is the hereditary material found in virtually all organisms; however, some viruses use RNA. DNA consists of several components. It has a phosphate-sugar (deoxyribose) backbone and is composed of two strands made from purine-pyrimidine hydrogen bonds in a double helix confirmation. The purines associated with DNA include adenine and guanine and the pyrimidines include cytosine and thymine. Adenine bonds with thymine and cytosine bonds with guanine.