College Chemistry : Gases

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for College Chemistry

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Example Questions

Example Question #1 : Gas Laws

Avogadro's Laws relate which of the following variables? 

Possible Answers:

Volume is inversely proportional to temperature 

Volume is inversely proportional to pressure 

Volume is proportional to temperature 

Temperature is proportional to moles of gas

Volume is proportional to moles of gas 

Correct answer:

Volume is proportional to moles of gas 

Explanation:

Avogadro's law states that volume is proportional to moles of gas.  Temperature and pressure are fixed.  Boyle law states that volume of gas is inversely proportional to pressure.  Charles' law states that volume of gas is proportional to temperature.  

Example Question #1 : Gas Laws

What is the volume occupied by  of helium gas at a pressure of  and a temperature of  degrees celsius?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

Recall the Ideal Gas Law:

Since the question is asking for volume, rearrange the equation to the following:

Also recall that for the Ideal Gas Law equation to work, the temperature must be given in degrees Kelvin, and we will also need the number of moles of gas.

Start by converting the mass of gas into moles:

Don't round the values just yet.

Next, convert the temperature into degrees Kelvin.

Now, plug in all the given values into the equation to solve for volume:

The answer should have  significant figures.

The volume is .

Example Question #5 : Gas Laws

A cylinder contains  of oxygen gas at a pressure of  and a temperature of . How many grams of gas are in the cylinder?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

Recall the Ideal Gas Law:

Because we want the amount of gas in the cylinder, we must find the number of moles of oxygen present first. Rearrange the Ideal Gas Law to solve for the number of moles of oxygen.

Plug in the given information to solve for the number of moles.

Now, convert the number of moles to the number of grams by using the molar mass of oxygen gas.

Make sure that your answer has  significant figures.

Example Question #42 : Solutions, States Of Matter, And Thermochemistry

Ideal gas law calculation

The given equation shows the synthesis of methanol. Find the volume in liters of  required to synthesize  of methanol at  and a pressure of .

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

Use the ideal gas equation

Rearrange to solve for the volume

Example Question #6 : Gas Laws

An ideal gas with a pressure of  is compressed to  of its original volume, what is the new pressure?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

An ideal gas with a pressure of  is is compressed to  of its original volume, what is the new pressure?

Use Boyle’s law:

 

You want to solve for the new pressure so isolate :

It compresses to  its original volume so, 

Plug in everything we know:

Cancel  from the numerator and denominator

Example Question #2 : Gas Laws

An ideal gas with a pressure of  is expanded to  times its original volume, what is the new pressure?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

Use Boyle’s law:

You want to solve for the new pressure so isolate :

It expands to  its original volume, so 

Plug in everything we know:

Cancel  from both the numerator and denominator

Example Question #51 : Solutions, States Of Matter, And Thermochemistry

A gas fills a  container, where heat is added raising its temperature from  to  and it increases its pressure from  to . What is the gas’ new volume?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

Use the combined gas law:

 

Solve for  since that is the new volume for which we need to solve:

Example Question #1 : Partial Pressure

 mixture of helium, nitrogen, and neon has a total pressure of  at a temperature of . If the partial pressure of helium is  and the partial pressure of nitrogen is , what mass of neon is present in the mixture?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

Since we have the total pressure and the pressures of helium and nitrogen, we can find the pressure of neon in this container.

Next, convert this pressure into atmospheres.

Now, recall the Ideal Gas Law:

Rearrange the equation to solve for moles of gas:

Using the pressure of neon, find the moles of neon that is present in the container.

Finally, convert the moles of neon into grams of neon using the molar mass.

Make sure your answer has  significant digits.

Example Question #1 : Partial Pressure

Suppose that hydrochloric acid and aluminum are reacted to produce hydrogen gas. This hydrogen gas is collected by displacement of water at  and a total pressure of . If the volume of the gas collected is , then how many moles of hydrogen were collected?

Note: The vapor pressure of water at  is .

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

For this question, we're told that a chemical reaction is producing hydrogen gas. In doing so, the gas is displacing a certain amount of water vapor. We're asked to determine the number of moles of gas produced in this process.

The amount of water displaced by the production of hydrogen gas will be the amount (volume) of hydrogen gas produced. To measure its pressure, we take the reading of the total pressure and then subtract from it the pressure of water vapor (since it contributes to the total pressure). Using this information, we can use the ideal gas equation to determine the number of moles of hydrogen gas.

Next, we can use the ideal gas equation to solve for our answer.

Example Question #1 : Partial Pressure

A 4.0 L container at 25 C is filled with 2.0 g neon and 8.0 g helium. What is the total pressure of the mixture?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

To start, first recognize that this is an ideal gas law problem

Rearranging the equation to solve for P gives us

To solve the problem, we now need to find the total number of moles in the gaseous mixture ntot. To do this, convert the values for Ne and He to moles and add them together

Now that we have ntot, plug known values into the ideal gas law equation. Remember to convert from Celsius to Kelvin!

 

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