While all of the answer choices are significant to human history, agriculture changed the history of humankind the most dramatically because it allowed people to settle in one place, which before 8000 BCE was not something that humans were capable of doing.

Yu the Great is considered to be the (somewhat legendary) founder of the Xia Dynasty and of the Chinese state. Yu the Great might best be understood as a reforming bureaucrat. His state building efforts were primarily concentrated on combating and preventing the flooding of the Yellow River. In organizing the population to resist the advances of the seasonal floods, Yu helped found the Chinese state.

Horses were first domesticated on the great Eurasian steppes of Central Asia approximately six thousand years ago. The domestication of the horse had a profound impact on the nature of human development - particularly in terms of agriculture, transportation, and warfare.

Sheep were the first animals to be domesticated for food, approximately eight thousand years ago. The domestication of animals like sheep and pigs has been instrumental to the growth of human society.

Evidence suggests that elephants were first domesticated in India approximately three thousand years ago. The domestication of elephants led to elephants being used on the battlefield by armies in India and by the Carthaginians in North Africa.

Dogs were the earliest animal to be domesticated by human society. In the paleolithic era, before the establishment of the first cities and great civilizations, man and wolf were frequent collaborators - working together during hunting. From this partnership, and the domestication of wolves, emerged dogs.

Sheep were the first animals to be domesticated, over eight thousand years ago, at the same time as the Neolithic Revolution was taking place. They were first domesticated in modern-day Iraq - so the correct answer is the Middle East.

The Old Kingdom of Egypt began circa 2,700 BCE and lasted until 2,200 BCE. The Old Kingdom is the period of Egyptian history that most people think of when asked about Ancient Egypt. Egyptian society was ruled by Pharaohs who had absolute power over their subjects. The famous pyramids of Giza were built during this time period. The Old Kingdom ruled for five hundred years before a series of crop failures led to a catastrophic decline.

The Neolithic Revolution is the name given to the development of agriculture, which first took place approximately ten thousand years ago. It led to the establishment of permanent settlements and the subsequent growth of cities and everything that comes with cities - politics, organized warfare, luxury, social stratification etc.

Rice paddy farming is a form of intensive agriculture that developed in southeast Asia during the classical era and spread to China and India. Rice paddy farming provided the food to support a rapidly growing east and south Asian population.