Surprisingly, party allegiance is not generally considered to be one of the most intrinsically important ingredients of each Presidential administration. This is because the party orientation of individual Presidents tends to play a less vital role when compared to the other factors that comprise administrations – namely, each President’s personality, the powers and roles granted to the President by the Constitution, and the makeup of the underlying governmental bureaucracy. Taken together, these four ingredients overwhelmingly put together the institution of the Presidency, regardless of party allegiance, political era, or historical time period.

Franklin D. Roosevelt is the only President who has ever served more than two terms – Roosevelt occupied the White House for twelve years, from 1933 and the worst years of the Great Depression to 1945 and the near end of World War Two. Surprisingly, the Congress had never formally legalized the two term precedent set by George Washington, but although this did indeed conceivably allow a President to seek a third term, only two Presidents would ever attempt to do so – and both were members of the Roosevelt family. (Decades earlier, Theodore Roosevelt, who had served as President from 1901 to 1909, had attempted to win a third term in the election of 1912 but had been defeated.) Franklin Roosevelt was thus the only President to ever successfully win a third – and even a fourth! – term in office, largely due to his fervent efforts to lift the American people out of the Great Depression and his adept leadership during the throes of World War II. Sadly, Roosevelt passed away suddenly near the beginning of his fourth term. After his death, Congress and the states ratified the Twenty-second Amendment, limiting each successive President to only eight years in office – this was not done out of dislike for Roosevelt himself but was rather an attempt to preserve Washington’s precedent and to guard against future abuses of Executive power.

To date, Grover Cleveland holds the honor of being the only President to ever serve two non-consecutive terms – he is both the twenty-second and twenty-fourth man to hold the office. The Constitution’s Twenty-second Amendment – which wasn’t passed until 1951 – limits each President to serving a maximum of two terms, but it does not specify that these terms must be served immediately after each other. A Democrat, Cleveland was first elected in 1885 on promises to reform the governmental bureaucracy and put a stop to administrative corruption. However, many Americans saw his efforts as less than satisfactory and he lost his bid for re-election to Republican Benjamin Harrison in 1888. Despite his disappointing electoral loss, Cleveland was determined to return to the Oval Office, and after a four-year absence from national politics, he once again returned as a presidential candidate in 1892. After winning a large majority of the popular vote, Cleveland entered his second term (1893-1897) on a note of high triumph.

Initially the government of the United States was simple and the line of succession began with the Vice President and then the Senate and House of Representatives and the President's Cabinet. As time went on and more cabinet positions were added to meet the needs of a growing country and government, the line of succession was adjusted to include all cabinet members.

The only power listed that is granted to the President is that of pardoning criminals.  The rest of these powers are explicitly given to Congress.

Devolution as a concept relates to the decentralization of power by offering some powers previously reserved for the Federal government to the states. It’s purpose is to reduce the overwhelming power held by the national government. Because it focuses on reducing Federal power, it should be understood as a conservative policy and therefore should lead you to select Ronald Reagan as the correct answer.

In the event that a special session of Congress becomes necessary after Congress has been adjourned, only the President may summon Congress back into session.

The Stewardship Theory of the President states that the President is the steward of the people, who must act in their best interests at all times. The theory was promoted by Theodore Roosevelt.

Although Congress has come close to removing four Presidents from office, none has ever been removed from office due to impeachment. Congress introduced a resolution to impeach John Tyler over the issue of states’ rights, but the resolution failed; Andrew Johnson was impeached for his handling of the Reconstruction Era, but he was found not guilty in his senate trial (by one vote); Richard Nixon, who might have become the first President to be removed from office due to impeachment, resigned during the process; Bill Clinton's case went to the Senate, where he was found not guilty. Because a two-thirds vote is needed to convict the President in the Senate, it is very difficult to convict a President during an impeachment (his party will likely support him unless doing so will cause such a massive drop in public support).

The President is given numerous powers under the Constitution—including Executive Clemency, which allows the President to pardon criminal offenders. The President has many powers related to war and foreign relations. The President may appoint ambassadors, receive foreign ambassadors, and negotiate treaties with foreign nations. The President, however, cannot ratify a treaty. For a treaty that is negotiated by the President to be ratified, it must be approved by a two-thirds vote in the Senate.