The Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution establishes that the Senate should not longer be chosen by State Legislatures, but should be the result of a direct election of the people. As part of the broader historical context of the United States, it may be seen as part of the gradual extension of suffrage rights to the common man that took place over the first century or so of American history. It was passed in 1913 as the culmination of the Progressive movement, led by figures like William Jennings Bryan and Theodore Roosevelt, who advocated for greater faith and power being placed in the hands of the common man. The prohibition of alcohol was passed with the Eighteenth Amendment, and repealed with the Twenty-First; women were granted the same suffrage rights as men with the Nineteenth Amendment; a two-term limit was established for the President with the Twenty-Second Amendment.

The Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified in 1920 and represented the culmination of the decades-long battle to enfranchise women in the United States. The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments primarily concern the extension of voting rights, and other rights, to racial minorities. The Sixteenth regarded taxation. The Eighteenth Amendment prohibited the sale and use of alcohol.

Prior to the Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, the Presidency was informally established with a two-term limit, based on the precedent laid down by the first President, George Washington; however, President Roosevelt served four consecutive terms, in large part due to the extraneous circumstances of the Great Depression and World War Two. In response to this, after Roosevelt died and Truman became President, Congress passed an amendment formally limiting the President to two-terms.

The Thirteenth Amendment, passed in 1864 during the Civil War, made slavery and involuntary servitude illegal under the United States Constitution. The Fourteenth And Fifteenth Amendments are concerned with establishing equal rights to protection and suffrage for people of all races. The Sixteenth Amendment established an income tax. The Seventeenth Amendment established direct election of senators by a vote of the people.

A proposed constitutional amendment becomes a part of the U.S. Constitution upon ratification by three quarters of the States. No further approval by Congress or the President is needed.

The Constitution has been amended  times, with the latest Amendment ratified in 1992. The 27th amendment enacted legislation regarding congressional salaries. The 26th amendment was passed in 1971, and was concerned with voting rights.

The only amendment ever repealed was the 18th Amendment. Prohibiting the manufacture or sale of alcohol, it was ratified in 1919 and repealed in 1933.

The 17th Amendment provided for the direct election of senators. Remember, before the 17th Amendment was ratified, Senators were NOT elected by you and I; they were elected by their home state legislatures. In other words, if there happened to be an open seat for one of the senators from Georgia, the General Assembly (the state legislature of GA) would elect a particular candidate. This opened the way to large amounts of corruption and graft (a high-falutin word for bribery, essentially), and thus the 17th Amendment put the choice in the hands of the people. 

The other answers are all incorrect: 

• 15th: right to vote extended to all males; 
• 22nd: term limits for the president; 
• 24th: eliminated poll taxes;
• 19th:  women get the vote

The 27^th Amendment was passed in 1992 even though it had actually been submitted in 1789 by James Madison. While the Amendment was not ratified at the time, the Amendment was unique in that it did not contain a deadline for when the Amendment had to be ratified by and while states had occasionally ratified it over the years, a big push was initiated in the 1980s, which resulted in its passage. The Amendment states that if Congress raises its salary that the raise will not be implemented until the next term of the U.S. House of Representatives intervenes. The Amendment helps discourage efforts by Congress to give themselves raises because there is a chance that they will not profit from them.

This is a tricky question. Remember: the president has ABSOLUTELY NOTHING to do with the passage and ratification of a proposed amendment (two-step process, remember?). Only the states, ordinary citizens, and/or Congress are involved in the amendment process. I’ve always found that the best way to remember this is to think of vetoes; Congress can override the President (and he can do nothing about it) if both chambers corral a  vote on the matter. Thus, in the amending process, if you equate the two, if makes the president superfluous; even if he were involved at all, he’d still be outgunned by Congress.