AP Psychology : Biology
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Example Questions
Example Question #161 : Biology
Which of the following choices best describes the endocrine gland in the brain that releases gland activating hormones?
Pituitary gland
Pineal gland
Parathyroid gland
Thymus gland
Pituitary gland
The pituitary gland activates other glands in the endocrine system by releasing hormones. It also releases hormones that are resonsible for growth; sometimes the pituitary gland is known as the "master gland".
Example Question #1451 : Ap Psychology
Which of the following parts of the endocrine system releases hormones that help the body in times of stress?
Adrenal glands
Testes
Ovaries
Thyroid gland
Pancreas
Adrenal glands
The adrenal glands secrete the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine to trigger the "fight-or-flight" response that helps the body in times of distress.
Example Question #1452 : Ap Psychology
Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that helps in motor skills and in the release of some neurotransmitters. Which of the following disorders could be due to a deficiency in acetylcholine levels?
Celiac disease
All of these
Sleep apnea
GABA
Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease is cause by low levels of Acetylcholine in some parts of the brain. This neurotransmitter is responsible for alertness, aggression, and other emotions.
Example Question #14 : Endocrine System
Which of the following neurotransmitters is responsible for helping the brain retain newly learned information?
Endorphins
Serotonin
None of these
Dopamine
Acetylcholine
Acetylcholine
Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that helps the brain retain newly learned information. It also aids in the control of the heart’s beat rate.
Example Question #1456 : Ap Psychology
Which is the correct pathway that leads to the release of cortisol in the body?
Adrenal glands --> pituitary gland --> hypothalamus --> cortisol
Hypothalamus --> adrenal glands --> pituitary gland --> cortisol
Thalamus --> pituitary gland --> adrenal glands --> cortisol
Hypothalamus --> pituitary gland --> adrenal glands --> cortisol
Thalamus --> adrenal glands --> pituitary gland --> cortisol
Hypothalamus --> pituitary gland --> adrenal glands --> cortisol
This called the HPA axis, which is a neuroendocrine system in the body that responds to stress and releases cortisol.
Example Question #161 : Biology
What is considered the primary advantage of endocrine communication (using hormones) throughout the body as compared to neural communication (using neurotransmitters)?
The changes to the body induced by hormones last for much longer than those induced by neurotransmitters.
Neurotransmitters often fail to reach their intended targets, while hormones inevitably arrive where they are intended.
The changes to the body created by neurotransmitters are harder to reverse after danger passes than the ones created by hormones.
There is a limited supply of neurotransmitters, while the supply of hormones is virtually unlimited.
The changes to the body induced by hormones last for much longer than those induced by neurotransmitters.
Hormones, or chemicals released by the endocrine system into the bloodstream for delivery throughout the body, have a much longer lifespan than neurotransmitters, and induce changes to body systems that last for hours, days, or which can even be permanent.
Example Question #1461 : Ap Psychology
Which gland in the body is responsible for influencing levels of excitability via influencing the levels of calcium and phosphates in the bloodstream?
Thyroid gland
Parathyroid gland
Pineal gland
Pituitary gland
Parathyroid gland
The parathyroid gland can also release large doses of parathyroid hormone into the body in response to low blood calcium, a process which may influence the development of osteoporosis.
Example Question #162 : Biology
Which of the following is NOT typically symptomatic of an excess of thyroxine (hyperthyroidism)?
Insomnia
Excitability
Weight gain
Fatigue
Weight gain
Hyperthyroidism also causes a reduced attention span and can lead to long-term neurological problems, and is typically treated with medication and (when necessary) surgical intervention. Hyperthyrodism can often result in a loss of necessary body weight, as opposed to weight gain. Hypothyrodism can result in weight gain.
Example Question #1461 : Ap Psychology
One example of a hormone which operates on a positive feedback loop is _____________.
Thyroxine
Testosterone
ACTH
Oxytocin
Oxytocin
Oxytocin works on a positive feedback loop because the actions which oxytocin causes also cause more oxytocin to be produced. This can be seen, among other examples, in the contractions of labor.
Example Question #163 : Biology
Neurotransmitters and hormones both send chemical messages. Which of the following best explains the difference between neurotransmitters and hormones?
Hormones are slower than neurotransmitters
Hormones are transmitted through the bloodstream and not between neurons
Hormones are part of the endocrine system and not the nervous system
All of these
All of these
Neurotransmitters and hormones are both types of chemical messages. Because hormones are transmitted through the circulatory system, they take much longer for the messages to be received compared to the nervous system, which sends signals extremely quickly. Different glands secrete hormones in the endocrine system like the pituitary gland and adrenal gland.
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