Freud postulated that there were three distinct parts of the psyche: the id, the ego, and the superego. These three parts develop at different times in a person's life. The id is the most basic, innate part of the psyche. It is the primitive and instinctive component of the personality. It consists of all biological instincts, such as sexual attraction and aggression. The id responds immediately and directly to its instincts, seeking pleasure and self-preservation.

Freud proposed that the psyche/personality is divided into three distinct sections: the id, the ego, and the superego. Each has a distinct role and function within the person. The ego is the mediator or regulator of the personality because it works out realistic ways of satisfying the id's demands, while also seeking to satisfy the superego by considering realities, norms, and etiquette and avoiding negative societal consequences. 

Freud believed there were five psychosexual stages of development. In order of development from earliest to latest, these were the oral stage, the anal stage, the phallic stage, the latent stage, and the genital stage. 

Freud believed there were five psychosexual stages that people went through as they matured into adults. Either frustration and overindulgence in a particular stage might lead a person to become fixated in that stage. The oral stage is the first stage that a person goes through, and is very mouth-oriented. A person in this stage will have a tendency to bite, suck, swallow, and generally explore the world with their mouth. The oral stage is typically experienced for the first year of life, during which infants are frequently seen to place unnatural objects like sand or plastic in their mouths.

Stagnation or fixation in the oral phase could lead these effects to linger into adulthood. The compulsion to chew metal or other items, as is common in pica, could be attributed to this phenomenon.

The big five personality traits are openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. Use the acronym OCEAN to help you remember.

The five stages of Freud's psychosexual development are: oral, anal, phallic, latent, and genital. At each of these stages, he theorized that one could become "fixated" and thus have consequences on personality throughout the lifetime.

Though there are numerous feminist criticisms of the idea of penis envy, the main argument is that Freud's concept is an abstract idea built on the premise that women subconsciously want to be men, implying it is better to be a man. If there were such a thing as "penis envy," feminists suggest it would be due to men's advantages in society due to perceptions engrained in social contexts.

Freud believed that the ego helps us deal with life's demands (reality), whereas the superego deals with cultural rules, and the id operates on the pleasure principle. 

According to the theory, mesomorphs are muscular and mature-looking, have a sense of adventure and courage, and desire to dominate and have power. The other two types are ectomorph, which are thin and young-looking people who are self-conscious and introverted, and endomorphs, which are round people who are tolerant and sociable and have over-active digestive systems. The connection of temperament and character with the physical types has been widely discredited.

In Rogers' theory, individuals strive for congruence, or rather, a match between their imagined self and reality. When this match is not achieved, we describe the disconnect as incongruence. Possible selves are the cognitive concept of an individual's goals, hopes, or anxieties about their future. For example, a teenager's possible selves might include being a mother or a doctor, but might also include being an addict or homeless.