The temporal lobe is one of the four major lobes of the brain, located on the sides of the brain behind the temples and ears. This lobe of the cerebrum houses the auditory cortex, which processes sound.

Vision is processed in the occipital lobe, located in the back of the brain. Balance is maintained by a variety of sensorimotor systems in the vestibular system, located in the inner ear. Smell is processed in the olfactory bulb, which is located in the frontal cortex of the brain.

The ventromedial hypothalamus controls feelings of hunger.

The thalamus relays sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex and regulates conciousness, sleep, and alertness. The frontal lobe carries out higher mental processes such as thinking, decision-making, and planning. The brain stem is the part of the brain that is connected to the spinal cord and controls the flow of messages between the brain and the rest of the body, as well as basic body functions.

The amygdala is an almond-shaped region of the inner brain, or the limbic system. It is responsible for emotional learning and emotional reactions.

The cerebellum coordinates movements that are initiated by the motor cortex in the frontal lobe. The cerebellum is commonly associated with balance and and coordination. It is located at the back of the head, below the occipital lobe.

The frontal lobe is responsible for the higher-level cognitive processes associated with executive functions. It contains the primary motor cortex and is involved in decision-making, as well as many other goal-directed behaviors.

The nervous system is divided into subsystems based on nerve locations and functionality. Neural tissue located in the brain and spinal cord comprise the central nervous system; all other nervous tissue is considered part of the peripheral nervous system.

The peripheral nervous system is further divided by functionality. Somatic nerve fibers are under voluntary control, while autonomic nerve fibers are under involuntary control. Both of these subdivisions are considered part of the peripheral nervous system (giving us our correct answer). The autonomic nervous system can be further divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. The sympathetic system is responsible for stress reactions, initiating the fight or flight response, while the parasympathetic system is responsible for resting reactions, often referred to as rest and digest.

The corpus callosum is a bundle of white matter tracts that allows for communication between the two hemispheres of the cortex. The famous "split-brain" experiments involved the severing of the corpus callosum.

The purpose of an electroencephalogram (EEG) is to determine the electrical activity in the brain by the use of electrodes. These electrodes are connected to the scalp and are used to detect brain waves from the neurons of the brain. It is often used in sleep research.

The brain and spinal cord together make up the Central Nervous System. The Peripheral Nervous System and all of its subdivisions are composed of the various neural pathways to and from the brain/spinal cord.

Located below the thalamus, the hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland and regulates biological needs, including homeostasis (body temperature), sexual drive, aggressive behavior, and hunger.