AP Macroeconomics : Tax Policy
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Example Questions
Example Question #1 : Tax Policy
A progressive tax structure is designed in order to put more of the tax burden on _______.
wealthier individuals instead of poorer individuals
poorer individuals instead of wealthier individuals
individual income instead of corporate profits
corporate profits instead of individual income
sales tax instead of income tax
wealthier individuals instead of poorer individuals
A progressive tax system is so-called because, as a person or corporation makes more money, the overall tax burden as a percent of income gets progressively higher. A progressive tax seeks to produce more government revenue from those individuals who are perceived as being more able to bear the burden. Progressive taxation is usually popular politically, making it such a widespread form of taxation.
Example Question #1 : How To Find Tax Credits
A tax credit describes an element of tax policy that ________.
reduces taxes for people who qualify under certain circumstances
raises money on investment income
allows for an additional tax on specific kinds of income, such as gambling
only allows exemptions for people making under a certain income level per year
allows for an additional tax on goods deemed unseemly
reduces taxes for people who qualify under certain circumstances
Tax law includes small exemptions and refunds, which are known as tax credits. Often, these tax credits are provided for groups of people like homebuyers, parents, and students. Tax credits are also usually seen as a way to lighten specific tax burdens without rewriting or transforming tax policy.
Example Question #1 : How To Find Economic Growth
In order, the four phases of the business cycle are:
contraction, expansion, peak, and trough
peak, contraction, expansion, and trough
expansion, peak, contraction, and trough
expansion, contraction, peak, and trough
expansion, peak, contraction, and trough
The four phases of the business cycle are expansion, peak, contraction, and trough. Real GDP growth is positive during an expansion, followed by a point at which real GDP growth peaks, then begins to decline during a contraction, and finally a bottoming out at the point of the trough. Each of the other answer choices represents a distortion of this order.
Example Question #3 : Tax Policy
If the income level in a given economy increases by $100 and spending increases by $80, the marginal propensity to save in that economy is equal to which of the following?
0.2
0.75
0.5
0.8
0.2
The marginal propensity to consume is calcuated by the change in consumption over the change in income. In this example, the marginal propensity to consume is 80/100 = 0.8. However, the problem asks for the marginal propensity to save and not the marginal propensity to consume.
In any economy, whatever money is not used for consumption is considered savings. Therefore, to find the marginal propensity to save, subtract the marginal propensity to consume from 1. Thus, 1 - 0.8 = 0.2. The marginal propensity to consume in this problem would be 0.2.
Example Question #4 : Tax Policy
An excise tax levied by a state government on gasoline is paid to the government by __________.
any individual who buys the gasoline
the individual owners of gas stations
the oil company who sells the gasoline
only individuals who buy a certain amount of gasoline
the oil company who sells the gasoline
An excise tax is an indirect tax, or one that is not paid directly by consumers, but instead by the producers of the good being taxed. Gasoline excise taxes are typically paid by the oil companies who refine, produce, and sell the gasoline, in order to offset pollution and other trandportation costs governments incur from the sale of gas. Quite often, the cost of the tax to the company is passed on to the consumer in the form of higher prices.
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