AP Human Geography : Industrialization & Economic Development

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for AP Human Geography

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Example Questions

Example Question #3 : Pollution & Climate Change

Which of these statements is not true about nonpoint-source pollution?

Possible Answers:

Pollutants from nonpoint sources are usually smaller in quantity

Nonpoint sources are sometimes very difficult to trace back

Agriculture is the main contributor of nonpoint-source pollution

Nonpoint-source pollution can generally spread over a much wider area than point-source pollution

Nonpoint sources are generally harder to control than point sources

Correct answer:

Pollutants from nonpoint sources are usually smaller in quantity

Explanation:

Pollutants from nonpoint sources are usually greater in quantity.

Example Question #16 : Contemporary Patterns Of Industrialization & Development

What is called the land off the shores of Netherlands that had been invaded by water but has been reclaimed by creative means?

Possible Answers:

Polder

Hills

Proder

Mounts

Correct answer:

Polder

Explanation:

In the Netherlands, the water had taken over much of the land that had been used by inhabitants. However, through the use of polders, they were able to construct anyways through the use of dikes.

Example Question #71 : Industrialization & Economic Development

Which of the following is NOT a major cause of increased globalization?

Possible Answers:

A return to agricultural lifestyles

Advances in communication

Spread of mass culture around the world

Advances in transportation

Investment in foreign markets

Correct answer:

A return to agricultural lifestyles

Explanation:

"Globalization" is a broad term that describes the increased interconnectivity between different regions and countries across the globe. While different cultures had always shared ideas and economic products, the nineteenth century saw a rapid rise in globalization that has continued into the twenty first century thanks to improved transportation, communication, mass culture, and foreign investment.

Example Question #72 : Industrialization & Economic Development

Which of the following terms is best defined as a company that does not exhibit material or market orientation?

Possible Answers:

Unencumbered corporation

Footloose firm

Brick and mortar company

Flexible organization

Conglomerate corporation

Correct answer:

Footloose firm

Explanation:

The term “footloose firms” is applied to companies that do not exhibit a market orientation or a material orientation. A company with a material orientation locates its manufacturing centers close to the source of the raw materials because the composite parts cost more to ship than the finished product; therefore, it is cost effective to be as close as possible to the source. A company with a market orientation locates its manufacturing centers close to the most profitable markets because the composite parts cost less to ship than the finished product; therefore, it is cost effective to be as close as possible to the best possible markets. A “footloose firm” is a company whose raw resources and final products are so cheap and light that they do not need to worry about these considerations.

Example Question #1 : Globalization

Which of these best describes a multinational corporation?

Possible Answers:

A company that produces expensive and specialized goods.

A company that produces cheap goods to be sold on a global market.

A company that receives significant advantages from the governments of various countries.

A company that conducts all areas of its business in one country.

A company that conducts different areas of its business in different countries.

Correct answer:

A company that conducts different areas of its business in different countries.

Explanation:

Over the last fifty years most large corporations have become multinational, or transnational, corporations. This means they conduct different areas of their business in different countries. For example a raw product might be harvested in central Africa, used to manufacture goods in China, and shipped around the world for sale. Multinational corporations often enjoy certain advantages and incentives provided by local governments, but this does not define them in the way that the correct answer does.

Example Question #1 : Globalization

The Suez Canal was primarily built in order to __________.

Possible Answers:

allow the British navy to quickly move from the Arabian Sea to the Mediterranean during the Crimean War

improve the economic viability of Egypt as a European colony

reduce trading time and expenses between Europe and India

solidify French control over the Middle East and North Africa

facilitate British control over the Middle East and the Mediterranean

Correct answer:

reduce trading time and expenses between Europe and India

Explanation:

The Suez Canal was built through eastern Egypt in order to connect the Arabian Sea with the Mediterranean. This dramatically reduced the shipping cost and time required for trading between Europe and the Far East (particularly India). Previously ships had had to sail around the whole African continent, a costly and time-consuming endeavor. The Suez Canal came into British control in the 1870s and remained there until the 1950s when it came under the control of independent Egypt following the 1956 Suez Crisis.

Example Question #73 : Industrialization & Economic Development

Maquiladoras are __________.

Possible Answers:

workers in Latin America who lobby their government to provide tax incentives to encourage foreign businesses to set up branches in the region

blossoming markets in Latin America

countries in Latin America who have not integrated smoothly into the global economy

export-processing cities in northern Mexico

workers in northern Mexico who are campaigning for the forced eviction of American businesses from the region

Correct answer:

export-processing cities in northern Mexico

Explanation:

“Maquiladoras” are export-processing cities that exist throughout Northern Mexico. In “Maquiladoras” American companies take advantage of the relatively cheap labor available in the region, as well as the proximity to the markets of the United States, to produce goods cheaper than they could in America. Such cities exist in so-called "Free Trade Zones."

Example Question #1 : Globalization

Which of these is a notable example of a maquiladoras?

Possible Answers:

Trinidad and Tobago

Sao Paolo

Buenos Aires

Mexico City

Ciudad Juárez

Correct answer:

Ciudad Juárez

Explanation:

“Maquiladoras” are export-processing cities that exist in northern Mexico, close to the border with the United States. They are major centers of industry for a wide variety of American companies who do their manufacturing in the region because it enables them to save a great deal of money. Of these options, only Ciudad Juárez could be considered a “maquiladoras.”

Example Question #1 : Globalization

Globalization in the twentieth century was slowed by all of the following except __________.

Possible Answers:

All of these answers slowed the momentum of globalization in the twentieth century

the Cold War

World War II

World War I

the Great Depression

Correct answer:

All of these answers slowed the momentum of globalization in the twentieth century

Explanation:

“Globalization” refers to the homogenizing impact on local culture and economics caused by increased interaction between geographically distinct regions. As a movement it has been going on for hundreds, if not thousands of years, but the movement has really accelerated since the dawn of the Industrial Revolution. Despite the massive impact of globalization in the twentieth century, its momentum was slowed by all of these answer choices, as they all divided the world into different ideological camps, preventing the exchange of products, culture, and ideas.

Example Question #71 : Industrialization & Economic Development

In which of these regions of the United States have the effects of deindustrialization been felt most extremely?

Possible Answers:

The deep South

The Midwest

The Northeast

Alaska and Hawaii

The West Coast

Correct answer:

The Midwest

Explanation:

During the late nineteenth and first half of the twentieth century the industrial center of the United States was the Midwest. Factories in Michigan, Ohio, Illinois, and Pennsylvania accounted for a disproportionate share of American industrial power. When, in the 1970s, American companies began to move their manufacturing centers abroad, the economy of the Midwest suffered dramatically. Unemployment rose very quickly and people began to migrate away from the region in search of work and a sustainable living situation. This has led the region to be called the “Rust Belt,” based on the rusting heavy machinery lying around throughout the Midwest. Cities like Detroit, Flint, Akron, and Toledo have felt this transition particularly extremely.

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