The Second Agricultural Revolution's increased agricultural yields allowed a shift away from subsistence farming, leading to a decrease in subsistence farming rather than an increase.

During the Green Revolution, cereal grain production (and total caloric production for that matter) doubled, resulting in a 100% increase, one of the largest increases in food production in human history.

While the process of synthesizing nitrogen fertilizers on an industrial scale had been around since the early twentieth century (e.g. the Haber-Bosch nitrogen fixation process, which was developed in 1909), this technology and infrastructure did not expand and become established in the developed world until the 1960s. This resulted in an increase of cheap and abundant cereal grains in famine-stricken countries.

The agricultural expansion and increases in food production achieved during the Green Revolution were the result of fertilizers synthesized on an industrial scale using fossil fuels. Traditional farming methods (e.g. organic methods that emphasized the use of natural fertilizers) were largely replaced across the world with commercial agriculture that relies heavily on industrial fertilizers derived from petroleum.

Fortunately, our current food system has the capability to feed the entire human population, thanks in large part to chemical fertilizers. In addition, with improved transportation and commercialization of food, local crop failure and natural disasters pose less of a threat of famine then before industrialized agriculture. Currently, the leading cause of malnourishment worldwide is a result of war and government instability. A modern example of this is the displacement of subsistence farmers in the Darfur region of Sudan, who were capable of growing their own food for generations before their government waged war on their communities, resulting in their dependence on foreign aid.

Some of the issues with the industrialization of agriculture include a high investment of fossil fuel energy to produce food, as well as the resulting pollution from fertilizer runoff and the widespread development of monocultures; however, increased use of pesticides and improvements in global food security have largely abated the threat of crop failures.

The Green Revolution was a response to an exponential increase in the global human population (from 2.5 billion in 1950 to 6 billion in 2000) and advances in technology that allowed for the mass production of chemical fertilizers (e.g. the development of the Haber-Bosch process). Previously, global agriculture was highly dependent on organic fertilizers such as mulch and animal/human manure, and dwindling nitrate deposits that had to be mined and transported.

The “Green Revolution” is a term used to describe a series of technological innovations in the field of agriculture that took place between the 1940s and the early 1970s. The Green Revolution began in Mexico where a collection of government bodies sponsored several initiatives designed to dramatically increase agricultural production in the country. When those initiatives proved successful they were implemented on a global scale. The Green Revolution has been credited with saving at least one billion humans from death by starvation.

The Green Revolution took place in the mid-twentieth century. It is estimated that it led to a population increase of between one to two billion people. The majority of this population growth took place in Asia, particularly in countries like India, China, Vietnam, and Bangladesh.

The Green Revolution took place during the middle of the twentieth century. It is the name given to a series of agricultural innovations that greatly increased the planet’s capacity for supporting human life. But, naturally, it had numerous negative consequences as well. The Green Revolution led to rampant land speculation and the forced migration of hundreds of millions of people, as traditional rural societies crumbled. It also led to the spread of multinational corporations that emphasized the growing of cash crops at the expense of nutritional crops which were needed to sustain poorer populations.