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AP Calculus BC : Polar Form

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Example Question #32 : Parametric, Polar, And Vector Functions

What is the derivative of $r=2+5\sin\theta$ ?

Possible Answers:

$\frac{10\cos\theta\sin\theta-2\cos\theta}{5-10\sin^{2}\theta-2\sin\theta}$

$\frac{10\cos\theta\sin\theta+2\cos\theta}{5+10\sin^{2}\theta-2\sin\theta}$

$\frac{10\cos\theta\sin\theta+2\cos\theta}{5-10\sin^{2}\theta-2\sin\theta}$

$\frac{10\cos\theta\sin\theta+2\cos\theta}{5-10\sin^{2}\theta+2\sin\theta}$

$\frac{10\cos\theta\sin\theta-2\cos\theta}{5+10\sin^{2}\theta+2\sin\theta}$

Correct answer:

$\frac{10\cos\theta\sin\theta+2\cos\theta}{5-10\sin^{2}\theta-2\sin\theta}$

Explanation:

In order to find the derivative $\frac{dy}{dx}$ of a polar equation $r=2+5\sin\theta$ , we must first find the derivative of with respect to $\theta$ as follows:

$\frac{dr}{d\theta}=5\cos\theta$

We can then swap the given values of $\frac{dr}{d\theta}$ and into the equation of the derivative of an expression into polar form:

$\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{\frac{dr}{d\theta}\sin\theta+r\cos\theta}{\frac{dr}{d\theta}\cos\theta-r\sin\theta}$

$\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{(5\cos\theta)\sin\theta+(2+5\sin\theta)\cos\theta}{(5\cos\theta)\cos\theta-(2+5\sin\theta)\sin\theta}$

$\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{5\cos\theta\sin\theta+2\cos\theta+5\sin\theta\cos\theta}{5\cos^{2}\theta-2\sin\theta-5\sin^{2}\theta}$

$\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{10\cos\theta\sin\theta+2\cos\theta}{5(\cos^{2}\theta-\sin^{2}\theta)-2\sin\theta}$

Using the trigonometric identity $\sin^{2}\theta+\cos^{2}\theta=1$ , we can deduce that $\cos^{2}\theta=1-\sin^{2}\theta$ . Swapping this into the denominator, we get:

$\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{10\cos\theta\sin\theta+2\cos\theta}{5(1-\sin^{2}\theta-\sin^{2}\theta)-2\sin\theta}$

$\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{10\cos\theta\sin\theta+2\cos\theta}{5(1-2\sin^{2}\theta)-2\sin\theta}$

$\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{10\cos\theta\sin\theta+2\cos\theta}{5-10\sin^{2}\theta-2\sin\theta}$

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AP Calculus BC : Polar Form

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for AP Calculus BC

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Example Question #32 : Parametric, Polar, And Vector Functions

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