There are two types of bases in DNA: purines and pyrimidines. The purines are adenine and guanine. The pyrimidines are cytosine and thymine (note that uracil is also a pyrimidine, but is only found in RNA). Adenine forms two hydrogen bonds with thymine, and guanine forms three bonds with cytosine. As a result, cytosine/guanine-rich regions in DNA require more energy to denature. One was to remember which bases are purines is through the use of the mnemonic "Pure As Gold". Another mnemonic to help you remember which nitrogenous bases are pyrimidines are that: pyrimidines, like pyramids, are sharp, and sharp things CUT (Cytosine, Uracil, and Thymine).

If the imaginary DNA is ten percent adenine, then that means there must be ten percent thymine because they are complementary to one another. The rest of the eighty percent of the DNA strand must be made up of guanine and cytosine. Because they are complementary to each other, half will be guanine and half will be cytosine. This means that there will be forty percent guanine present in the DNA strand.

If the RNA is thirty percent guanine, then that means it must be composed of thirty percent cytosine because they are complementary to each other. The other forty percent of the RNA strand is made up of adenine and uracil. Because they are complementary to each other, half will be adenine and the other half will be uracil. This means that there will be twenty percent uracil present in the RNA strand.

Hydrogen bonds between nucleotides of different strands are crucial for the stability of DNA. Adenine and thymine pair up with two hydrogen bonds between the nucleotides. On the other hand, cytosine and guanine pair up with three hydrogen bonds between the nucleotides.

In order to solve this problem, it is imperative that you remember that RNA replaces thymine with uracil. This automatically eliminates three of the answer choices. Next, the RNA strand must have nucleotides that pair up with the DNA nucleotides (adenine pairs with thymine and cytosine pairs with guanine). For example, if DNA has a nucleotide of G, the RNA would have a nucleotide of C. Finally, since the strands must be antiparallel to one another, the mRNA must start with a 5' and end with a 3'. Thus, our answer is 5'-UAGGGUCCAUGG-3'. 

Below is a side by side comparison:

3'-ATCCCAGGTACC-5'  (DNA)

5'-UAGGGUCCAUGG-3 (mRNA)

Chromosomal related mutations include deletion, duplication, inversion, or translocation. Nondisjunction is a faulty separation event of homologous chromosomes but does not necessarily involve improper chromosome structures. Independent assortment is a mendelian inheritance principle which states chromosomes are divided randomly into two daughter cells. Synapsis is a normal pairing up event of homologous chromosomes in prophase I. Polyploidy is a condition of having more than two sets of chromosomes and is typically a characteristic of a species, not an abnormality.

The substitution of a purine for a pyrimidine, or vice versa, is called a transversion. The substitution of one purine for another or one pyrimidine for another is called a transition. Either of these can be referred to as a point mutation, but transversion is the most specific answer to this question.

Nucleic acids are made up of nitrogenous bases and a sugar-phosphate backbone. The sugar will vary depending on if it is an RNA or DNA molecule that's being discussed. RNA has ribose while DNA has deoxyribose. The nitrogenous bases are guanine, adenine, thymine, cytosine and uracil. Tyrosine is an amino acid, therefore not involved in the composition of nucleic acids.

The three major components of a nucleotide in DNA are phosphate, deoxyribose, and one of the four nitrogenous bases. The phosphate and deoxyribose alternate along the backbone, and the nitrogenous base codes for the type of protein made in transcription and translation.

In the DNA strand, adenine bonds to thymine. It does not bond to the other bases in DNA. In RNA, adenine bonds to uracil.