In the stomach, both hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen are secreted by gastric pits. Parietal cells in these pits secrete hydrochloric acid while chief cells in these pits secrete pepsinogen. Note that pepsinogen is inactive, and gets activated into pepsin via hydrochloric acid.

Peristalsis is the correct answer here. Peristalsis is the process of muscles contracting and relaxing in order to facilitate movement.

The gallbladder is found underneath the liver. The gallbladder is the storage place of bile, which helps to emulsify fats. Bile is necessary for the digestive system to break down fat. Removal of the gallbladder can result in fat malabsorption, which can present as loose stool.

The villi are helpful in increasing the surface area of the small intestine. This greatly increases the absorptive capabilities of the small intestine. The stomach has no villi, and does not contribute to absorption of macromolecules.

The duodenum, in the small intestine, is a site of protein, carbohydrate, and fat digestion.

The jejunum is a site of protein and fat absorption. The ileum is a site of salt, vitamin, and excess molecule absorbtion. The colon is a segment of the large intestine for water and ion absortion. Each of these work to absorb different molecules, but do not significantly contribute to their digestion.

The role of the gall bladder is to store bile salts, but it does not produce them. Rather, bile salts are produced by the liver and transported to the gall bladder for storage.

The hepatic portal system involves the capillaries of the small intestine and capillaries of the liver. A portal system refers to two different capillary beds, connected by arterioles, that both receive blood before it returns to the heart for reoxygenation. The prefix "hepa-" refers to the liver.

The pancreatic duct transfers digestive enzymes from the pancreas into the lumen of the small intestine. Lacteal vessels receive fats from the small intestine and carry them into the lymphatic system. The pulmonary circuit refers to the region of the circulatory system that carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs, and back to the left atrium.

When digested food exits the stomach, it passes through the pyloric sphincter and enters the duodenum, the first region of the small intestine. The duodenum is the introduction point for the pancreatic digestive enzymes, as well as the neutralization of stomach acid. The majority of chemical digestion occurs in the duodenum. The middle region of the small intestine is the jejunum, and the final region is the ileum. These regions are primarily responsible for nutrient absorption and have the largest concentration of microvilli. After passing through the ileum, the digested matter enters the large intestine.

Food is converted into a bolus upon swallowing, then into chyme in the stomach. The chyme travels from the stomach into the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum. The chyme then moves through the jejunum, then through the ileum before entering the large intestine. Villi are finger-like projections of the small intestine that increase the surface area of the epithelium to maximize nutrient absorption. The ilium is a part of the hip bone.

Pepsin is a protein degrading enzyme that is released by the stomach. All the other choices are released by the pancreas into the duodenum.