ACT English : Correcting Grammatical Errors

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for ACT English

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Example Questions

Example Question #141 : Correcting Grammatical Errors

Choose the answer that best corrects the underlined portion of the sentence. If the underlined portion is correct as written, choose "NO CHANGE."

Junior had three wishes for Christmas: a toy truck, a teddy bear, and a set of markers.

Possible Answers:

for Christmas. A toy truck

NO CHANGE

for Christmas a toy truck

for Christmas, a toy truck

for Christmas a toy, truck

Correct answer:

NO CHANGE

Explanation:

This question asks you about the grammatically correct use of a colon. In this sentence, the colon correctly introduces a list of items. The "toy truck," the "teddy bear," and the "set of markers" are the three items making up this list. A comma should not be used to introduce a list of items, and the use of a period makes the second part of the sentence into a fragment. 

Example Question #141 : Correcting Grammatical Errors

Choose the answer that best corrects the underlined portion of the sentence. If the underlined portion is correct as written, choose "NO CHANGE."

John bought a goldfish at the pet store: but he wasn't expecting it to grow so quickly.

Possible Answers:

store, but

NO CHANGE

store; but

store. But

store? But

Correct answer:

store, but

Explanation:

This question asks you about the correct use of a colon. A colon should be used only to introduce a quotation, a list, or a clause containing additional information describing the first clause. In this sentence, a colon is not correct punctuation and should not be used. The second independent clause, "but he wasn't expecting it to grow so quickly," contrasts the first independent clause, rather than describing it. Since the second clause begins with a conjunction, "but," a comma should separate the two clauses. 

Example Question #483 : Act English

Choose the answer that best corrects the underlined portion of the sentence. If the underlined portion is correct as written, select “NO CHANGE.”

Sylvia brought three types of sandwiches to serve at her picnic, ham, turkey, and tuna salad.

Possible Answers:

at her picnic. Ham

at her picnic ham

at her picnic: ham

NO CHANGE

at her picnic; ham

Correct answer:

at her picnic: ham

Explanation:

This question asks you to choose the best form of punctuation to introduce a list. A colon should be used to introduce a list of two or more items. In this sentence, the list contains three types of sandwiches, "ham, peanut butter and jelly, and tuna salad," and should be introduced with a colon. A period or semicolon is incorrect since the list is not a complete sentence in itself. The original comma, or a lack of any punctuation, make the sentence a run-on. 

Example Question #141 : Correcting Grammatical Errors

Choose the answer that best corrects the underlined portion of the sentence. If the underlined portion is correct as written, select “NO CHANGE.”

Leslie chose three friends to be her bridesmaids: Erin, Veronica and Janay.

Possible Answers:

bridesmaids; Erin

bridesmaids Erin

bridesmaids. Erin

NO CHANGE

bridesmaids, Erin

Correct answer:

NO CHANGE

Explanation:

This question asks you about the grammatically correct use of a colon. A colon should be used to introduce a list of two or more items. In this sentence, the list contains three people: Erin, Veronica and Janay. A colon is the correct punctuation to use in this case, so the sentence is correct as written. 

Example Question #1 : Comma Errors

Humanities: This passage is adapted from chapter three of Sir John Lubbock’s The Pleasures of Life. The chapter is entitled “A Song of Books” and was written in 1887.

 

Of all the privileges we enjoy in this nineteenth century there is none, perhaps, for which we ought to be more thankful than for the easier access to books.

The debt we owe to books was well expressed and articulated by Richard de Bury, Bishop of Durham, author of Philobiblon, written as long ago as 1344, published in 1473, and the earliest English treatise on the delights of literature: "These,” he says, “are the masters who instruct us without rods and ferules, without hard words and anger, without clothes or money. If you approach them, they are not asleep; if you interrogate them, they conceal nothing; if you mistake them, they never grumble; if you are ignorant, they cannot laugh at you. The library, therefore, of wisdom is more precious than all riches, and nothing that can be wished for is worthy to be compared with it. Whosoever therefore acknowledges himself to be a zealous follower of truth, of happiness, of wisdom, of science, or even of the faith, must of necessity make himself a lover of books.” 

This feeling that books are real friends is constantly present to all who love reading. “I have friends,” said Petrarch, “whose society is extremely agreeable to me; they are of all ages, and of every country. They have distinguished themselves both in the cabinet and in the field, and obtained high honors for their knowledge of the sciences. It is easy to gain access to them, for they are always at my service, and I admit them to my company, and dismiss them from it, whenever I please. They are never troublesome, but immediately answer every question I ask them. Some relate to me the events of past ages, while others reveal to me the secrets of Nature. Some teach me how to live, and others how to die. Some, by their vivacity, drive away my cares and exhilarate my spirits; while others give fortitude to my mind, and teach me the important lesson how to restrain my desires, and to depend wholly on myself. They open to me, in short, the various avenues of all the arts and sciences, and upon their information I may safely rely in all emergencies. In return for all their services, they only ask me to accommodate them with a convenient chamber in some corner of my humble habitation, where they may repose in peace; for these friends are more delighted by the tranquillity of retirement than with the tumults of society.”

“He that loveth a book,” says Isaac Barrow, “will never want a faithful friend, a wholesome counsellor, a cheerful companion, an effectual comforter. By study, by reading, by thinking, one may innocently divert and pleasantly entertain himself, as in all weathers, so in all fortunes.”

What is the best way to reproduce the underlined portion of the sentence below:

"They open to me, in short the various avenues of all the arts and sciences, and upon their information I may safely rely in all emergencies."

Possible Answers:

me in short the

me, in short, the

me in short, the

NO CHANGE

Correct answer:

me, in short, the

Explanation:

"In short" is a dependent clause requiring commas on either end of it. 

Example Question #2 : Comma Errors

Humanities: This passage is adapted from chapter three of Sir John Lubbock’s The Pleasures of Life. The chapter is entitled “A Song of Books” and was written in 1887.

 

Of all the privileges we enjoy in this nineteenth century there is none, perhaps, for which we ought to be more thankful than for the easier access to books.

The debt we owe to books was well expressed and articulated by Richard de Bury, Bishop of Durham, author of Philobiblon, written as long ago as 1344, published in 1473, and the earliest English treatise on the delights of literature: "These,” he says, “are the masters who instruct us without rods and ferules, without hard words and anger, without clothes or money. If you approach them, they are not asleep; if you interrogate them, they conceal nothing; if you mistake them, they never grumble; if you are ignorant, they cannot laugh at you. The library, therefore, of wisdom is more precious than all riches, and nothing that can be wished for is worthy to be compared with it. Whosoever therefore acknowledges himself to be a zealous follower of truth, of happiness, of wisdom, of science, or even of the faith, must of necessity make himself a lover of books.” 

This feeling that books are real friends is constantly present to all who love reading. “I have friends,” said Petrarch, “whose society is extremely agreeable to me; they are of all ages, and of every country. They have distinguished themselves both in the cabinet and in the field, and obtained high honors for their knowledge of the sciences. It is easy to gain access to them, for they are always at my service, and I admit them to my company, and dismiss them from it, whenever I please. They are never troublesome, but immediately answer every question I ask them. Some relate to me the events of past ages, while others reveal to me the secrets of Nature. Some teach me how to live, and others how to die. Some, by their vivacity, drive away my cares and exhilarate my spirits; while others give fortitude to my mind, and teach me the important lesson how to restrain my desires, and to depend wholly on myself. They open to me, in short, the various avenues of all the arts and sciences, and upon their information I may safely rely in all emergencies. In return for all their services, they only ask me to accommodate them with a convenient chamber in some corner of my humble habitation, where they may repose in peace; for these friends are more delighted by the tranquillity of retirement than with the tumults of society.”

“He that loveth a book,” says Isaac Barrow, “will never want a faithful friend, a wholesome counsellor, a cheerful companion, an effectual comforter. By study, by reading, by thinking, one may innocently divert and pleasantly entertain himself, as in all weathers, so in all fortunes.”

What is the best way to reproduce the underlined portion of the sentence below?

"This feeling, that books are real friends is constantly present to all who love reading.",

Possible Answers:

this feeling of the way that

this feeling of books

NO CHANGE

This feeling that books

Correct answer:

This feeling that books

Explanation:

If a comma is necessary after "feeling," one would also be necessary after "friends" to denote the dependent clause.

Example Question #141 : Correcting Grammatical Errors

The world is full of contradictions and I am full of them as well.  Every person has their quirks and I am no exception.  I love sports but I am also lazy I love animals, but I am not a vegetarian and I love teaching but I hate taking classes.  With all these contradictions how does a person like me make sense?  I would love to enlighten you!

How should the underlined portion be written to be grammatically correct?

Possible Answers:

contradictions: and I am full of them as well

contradictions and me too

contradictions, and I am full of them as well

NO CHANGE

contradictions; and I am full of them as well

Correct answer:

contradictions, and I am full of them as well

Explanation:

Commas are used WITH conjunctions to separate two simple sentences. This sentence is made of two complete sentences joined by an "and;" therefore, it needs a comma before it.  

Example Question #1 : Comma Errors

The world is full of contradictions and I am full of them as well.  Every person has their quirks and I am no exception.  I love sports but I am also lazy I love animals, but I am not a vegetarian and I love teaching but I hate taking classes.  With all these contradictions how does a person like me make sense?  I would love to enlighten you!

What would make the underlined portion grammatically correct?

Possible Answers:

quirks: and I am no

quirks, and I am no

quirks, I am no

NO CHANGE

quirks being I am no

Correct answer:

quirks, and I am no

Explanation:

When separating two complete sentences with a conjunction (and, but, or), a comma needs to come before the conjunction.

Example Question #5 : Comma Errors

To begin I should explain how it is that I am a sports-lover but lazy.  I have tried as many sports as have been possible in my life and I have enjoyed all of them.  I had competed in national gymnastics which is probably the most holistically challenging for ten years.  This sport took precedence in all of middle and high school for me.  When I retired I took up sprinting.  I ran for my university track team a D3 team don’t get too excited and performed as a top athlete in our conference.  I fell in love with running so much that I even signed up to run cross country in the fall.  Endurance is not my thing and that is part of why I am lazy.  I played soccer one season because the team needed an extra body.  I was an awful terrible soccer player but it was so much fun!  I now ride horses and run for fun.  I am lazy however because as I mentioned before I don’t have much endurance.  I’m a sprinter through and through!  I like the pain to be over in less than 60 seconds.  I’ll run longer but I’m not usually happy about it.  For as much as I love sports I also love to sit on my couch with potato chips and watch tv too!  Generally I love athletics but I am a lazy relaxer also!

What would make the underline portion grammatically correct?

Possible Answers:

To begin—I should explain 

To begin I should be happy to explain 

NO CHANGE

To begin, I should explain 

To begin: I should explain 

Correct answer:

To begin, I should explain 

Explanation:

When a sentence starts with a prepositional phrase, if that prepositional phrase is not directly related to the subject of the sentence, it must be separated from the sentence with a comma. "To begin" is a transitional idea, not something directly related to "I must explain."

Example Question #121 : Punctuation Errors

To begin I should explain how it is that I am a sports-lover but lazy.  I have tried as many sports as have been possible in my life and I had enjoyed all of them.  I had competed in national gymnastics which is probably the most holistically challenging for ten years.  This sport took precedence in all of middle and high school for me.  

What would make the underlined portion grammatically correct?

Possible Answers:

 my life: and I 

 my life, and I 

 my life, therefore, I 

NO CHANGE

 my life I 

Correct answer:

 my life, and I 

Explanation:

When two complete thoughts are separated by a conjunction, a comma must come before the conjunction.

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