SAT II World History : Eastern Europe in the Reformation
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Example Questions
Example Question #11 : Eastern Europe In The Reformation
Jan Hus and Jerome of Prague were both earlier reformers in __________.
Poland
Bohemia
Russia
Lithuania
Hungary
Bohemia
In the two centuries before the Protestant Reformation began (in 1517), there were still numerous reform movements going on around Europe. One of the most influential and widely known is the Hussite movement initially inspired by Jan Hus and Jerome of Prague. They were both Czech-speaking people living in the region of Central-Eastern Europe called Bohemia. Their reform was centered around rectifying abuses within the church, and their discourse and correspondence is rife with references to the Pope as the "Antichrist." Not surprisingly, given the atmosphere of this time period, they were also both executed for heresy in the early fifteenth century. It is believed that their writings and martyrdom laid the foundations for the swift rise of Protestantism in Bohemia and Poland.
Example Question #12 : Eastern Europe In The Reformation
In the sixteenth century, German speakers in Hungary were most likely to adopt __________, whereas Magyars were most likely to adopt __________.
Lutheranism . . . Zwinglianism
Zwinglianism . . . Calvinism
Calvinism . . . Lutheranism
Anabaptism . . . Calvinism
Calvinism . . . Presbytarianism
Lutheranism . . . Zwinglianism
The Lutheran movement was spread initially through the German-speaking princely states of central Europe and was primarily a German-speaking movement throughout. The German-speaking people of Hungary were influenced by the writings of Luther and his German compatriots more than anyone else, and the religion of Lutheranism took off far more swiftly with them. The Lutheran Confession was adopted in Hungary in 1545. The Magyar people of Hungary (people who speak Hungarian) favored the Reformed Church of Switzerland, of Zwinglianism, and they adopted the Helvetic Confession in 1567. A Confession, to help clarify, is an expression of faith or a definition of what the group believes.
Example Question #13 : Eastern Europe In The Reformation
This organization played a leading role in the Catholic Counter-Reformation that was so effective in Poland, Lithuania, and Hungary.
The Jesuits
The Barnabites
The Ursulines
The Anabaptists
The Capuchins
The Jesuits
By the beginning of the seventeenth-century Protestantism had taken a tenuous hold of the populations of Poland, Lithuania, and Hungary. The Catholic Counter Reformation started winning back the hearts and minds of the people—primarily by motivating the nobles to withhold funds from Protestant missionaries and by coercing those who still resisted. The Jesuit organization was extremely active in this work. The Jesuits were formed right before the Counter-Reformation began and were extremely active throughout the next few hundred years in "purifying" the church while attempting to eradicate the gains of the Protestant Reformation. They were particularly successful in Eastern Europe, where the majority of each country was reverted back to Catholicism.
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