SAT II Literature : Content

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for SAT II Literature

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Example Questions

Example Question #1 : Characterization And Motivation: Poetry

Adapted from “Solitary Death, make me thine own” in Underneath the Bough: A Book of Verses by Michael Field (pseudonym of Katherine Bradley and Edith Cooper) (1893)

 

Solitary Death, make me thine own,

And let us wander the bare fields together;

          Yea, thou and I alone

Roving in unembittered unison forever.

 

I will not harry thy treasure-graves,

I do not ask thy still hands a lover;

            My heart within me craves

To travel till we twain Time’s wilderness discover.

 

To sojourn with thee my soul was bred,

And I, the courtly sights of life refusing,

            To the wide shadows fled,

And mused upon thee often as I fell a-musing.

 

Escaped from chaos, thy mother Night,

In her maiden breast a burthen that awed her,

           By cavern waters white

Drew thee her first-born, her unfathered off-spring toward her.

 

On dewey plats, near twilight dingle,

She oft, to still thee from men’s sobs and curses

           In thine ears a-tingle,

Pours her cool charms, her weird, reviving chaunt rehearses.

 

Though mortals menace thee or elude,

And from thy confines break in swift transgression.

            Thou for thyself art sued

Of me, I claim thy cloudy purlieus my possession.

 

To a long freshwater, where the sea

Stirs the silver flux of the reeds and willows,

            Come thou, and beckon me

To lie in the lull of the sand-sequestered billows:

 

Then take the life I have called my own

And to the liquid universe deliver;

            Loosening my spirit’s zone,

Wrap round me as thy limbs the wind, the light, the river.

In the poem, “Death” is personified as which of the following?

Possible Answers:

The captain of a ship

A thief

A long-desired companion

A lover

A mother

Correct answer:

A long-desired companion

Explanation:

In this poem, death is personified (and addressed) as a long-desired companion. While the description of the relationship sounds quite intimate, the speaker specifically states that he or she “do[es] not ask thy still hands a lover.” Death is often characterized as a thief in literature, but this piece is subverting that trope. "Night" is personified as death’s “mother,” and while the river is discussed at length, death is taking the speaker to the river, not ferrying the speaker across it on a boat.

Example Question #3 : Character And Subject Relationships

Adapted from “Solitary Death, make me thine own” in Underneath the Bough: A Book of Verses by Michael Field (pseudonym of Katherine Bradley and Edith Cooper) (1893)

 

Solitary Death, make me thine own,

And let us wander the bare fields together;

          Yea, thou and I alone

Roving in unembittered unison forever.

 

I will not harry thy treasure-graves,

I do not ask thy still hands a lover;

            My heart within me craves

To travel till we twain Time’s wilderness discover.

 

To sojourn with thee my soul was bred,

And I, the courtly sights of life refusing,

            To the wide shadows fled,

And mused upon thee often as I fell a-musing.

 

Escaped from chaos, thy mother Night,

In her maiden breast a burthen that awed her,

           By cavern waters white

Drew thee her first-born, her unfathered off-spring toward her.

 

On dewey plats, near twilight dingle,

She oft, to still thee from men’s sobs and curses

           In thine ears a-tingle,

Pours her cool charms, her weird, reviving chaunt rehearses.

 

Though mortals menace thee or elude,

And from thy confines break in swift transgression.

            Thou for thyself art sued

Of me, I claim thy cloudy purlieus my possession.

 

To a long freshwater, where the sea

Stirs the silver flux of the reeds and willows,

            Come thou, and beckon me

To lie in the lull of the sand-sequestered billows:

 

Then take the life I have called my own

And to the liquid universe deliver;

            Loosening my spirit’s zone,

Wrap round me as thy limbs the wind, the light, the river.

"Night” is characterized in relation to “Death” as which of the following?

Possible Answers:

An innocent maiden who helps Death, unaware of Death’s actions against mortal beings

A marginalized, obsolete being

A maternal, matriarchal figure with a stifling amount of control over Death’s actions

A maternal, matriarchal figure with a close, reassuring relationship to Death

A paternal, patriarchal figure with a close, reassuring relationship to Death

Correct answer:

A maternal, matriarchal figure with a close, reassuring relationship to Death

Explanation:

“Night” is personified and explicitly figured as Death’s “mother.” She is figured as having given birth to death “unfathered,” and as maintaining a close, supportive maternal relationship with Death (“she oft, to still thee from men’s sobs and curses . . . pours her cool charms”).

Her relationship to Death is presented as helpful as opposed to stifling or controlling. She is spoken of as protective and relevant to Death, not obsolete. And while she is referred to as a “maiden” Night is also specifically figured as aware of the consequences of Death’s actions (“men’s sobs and curses”).

Example Question #1 : Characterization And Motivation: Poetry

Adapted from "Old Man Traveling" by William Wordsworth in Lyrical Ballads by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1798 ed.)

          The little hedge-row birds,
That peck along the road, regard him not.
He travels on, and in his face, his step,
His gait, is one expression; every limb,
His look and bending figure, all bespeak
A man who does not move with pain, but moves
With thought—He is insensibly subdued
To settled quiet: he is one by whom
All effort seems forgotten, one to whom
Long patience has such mild composure given,
That patience now doth seem a thing, of which
He hath no need. He is by nature led
To peace so perfect, that the young behold
With envy, what the old man hardly feels.
—I asked him whither he was bound, and what
The object of his journey; he replied
"Sir! I am going many miles to take
"A last leave of my son, a mariner,
"Who from a sea-fight has been brought to Falmouth,
And there is dying in an hospital."

We could describe the man's response to the speaker as __________.

Possible Answers:

frank

derisive

unhinged

suspicious

indefatigable

Correct answer:

frank

Explanation:

The old man's response to the speaker is calm and straightforward in that it does not deviate from what seems to be the truth; it is also delivered without a great deal of emotion. Therefore, we cannot call his response "unhinged," which suggests a great deal of emotion. There is nothing "suspicious" about the man's response, nor is there any derision in the man's tone. We could perhaps say he is “indefatigable,” but he does not seem to be tireless or energetic in his answer, so “frank” is the best possible answer in this case.

Example Question #154 : Interpreting The Passage

Adapted from Life and Remains of John Clare "The Northamptonshire Peasant Poet" by John Clare (1872, ed. J. L. Cherry)

I am! Yet what I am who cares, or knows?
My friends forsake me, like a memory lost.
I am the self-consumer of my woes,
They rise and vanish, an oblivious host,
Shadows of life, whose very soul is lost.
And yet I am—I live—though I am toss'd

Into the nothingness of scorn and noise.
Into the living sea of waking dream,
Where there is neither sense of life, nor joys,
But the huge shipwreck of my own esteem
And all that's dear. Even those I loved the best
Are strange—nay, they are stranger than the rest.

I long for scenes where man has never trod—
For scenes where woman never smiled or wept—
There to abide with my Creator, God,
And sleep as I in childhood sweetly slept,
Full of high thoughts, unborn. So let me lie,
The grass below; above, the vaulted sky.

How does the narrator feel about his or her closest friends?

Possible Answers:

The narrator feels belittled by them

The narrator feels unrestrained by them

The narrator feels estranged from them

The narrator feels supported by them

The narrator feels diffident towards them

Correct answer:

The narrator feels estranged from them

Explanation:

The narrator says of his or her closest friends, "My friends forsake me, like a memory lost." and “Even those I loved the best / Are strange—nay, they are stranger than the rest.” Based on this evidence, we can say that the narrator feels estranged from his or her friends; in the second quotation, "strange" and "stranger" are suggesting something that is distanced and unknown rather than something that is weird. We can easily ignore “supported by,” “belittled by,” and “unrestrained by them.” “Diffident” means reserved or shy, and nothing in the poem suggests that the narrator is shy around his or her friends. "Estranged" is the best answer here.

Example Question #61 : Literary Analysis

Batter my heart (Holy Sonnet 14)

1          Batter my heart, three-person'd God; for you
2          As yet but knock, breathe, shine, and seek to mend;
3          That I may rise, and stand, o'erthrow me, and bend
4          Your force, to break, blow, burn, and make me new.
5          I, like an usurp'd town, to another due,
6          Labour to admit you, but O, to no end.
7          Reason, your viceroy in me, me should defend,
8          But is captived, and proves weak or untrue.
9          Yet dearly I love you, and would be loved fain,
10        But am betroth'd unto your enemy;
11        Divorce me, untie, or break that knot again,
12        Take me to you, imprison me, for I,
13        Except you enthrall me, never shall be free,
14        Nor ever chaste, except you ravish me.

Throughout the poem, the poet seemingly demonstrates his interest in combining __________.

Possible Answers:

his fear of God with his love of God

spirituality with governance

love of the sacred and love of the earthly

his reason with his lack of sentiment

violence with erotic love

Correct answer:

love of the sacred and love of the earthly

Explanation:

Throughout the poem, the poet seemingly demonstrates his interest in combining love of the sacred and love of the earthly, as he petitions God "Take me to you, imprison me, for I,/ Except you enthrall me, never shall be free,/ Nor ever chaste, except you ravish me" (line 12 - 14).

Example Question #101 : Content

To what purpose, April, do you return again?

Beauty is not enough.

You can no longer quiet me with the redness

Of little leaves opening stickily.

I know what I know.

The sun is hot on my neck as I observe

The spikes of the crocus.

The smell of the earth is good.

It is apparent that there is no death.

But what does that signify?

Not only under the ground are the brains of men

Eaten by maggots,

Is nothing,

An empty cup, a flight of uncarpeted stairs.

It is not enough that yearly, down this hill,

April

Comes like an idiot, babbling and strewing flowers.

(1921)

Which line best exemplifies how April is characterized in the poem? 

Possible Answers:

"It is apparent that there is no death"

"Beauty is not enough"

Comes like an idiot, babbling and strewing flowers

"Not only under ground are the brains of men"

"The smell of the earth is good"

Correct answer:

Comes like an idiot, babbling and strewing flowers

Explanation:

The only line in which April is referred to directly is, as opposed to being asked a question, is the final line: "Comes like an idiot, babbling and strewing flowers."

Passage adapted from Edna St. Vincent Milay's "Spring" (1921).

Example Question #102 : Content

The wind was a torrent of darkness among the gusty trees.   
The moon was a ghostly galleon tossed upon cloudy seas.   
The road was a ribbon of moonlight over the purple moor,   
And the highwayman came riding— 
         Riding—riding— 
The highwayman came riding, up to the old inn-door. 
 
He’d a French cocked-hat on his forehead, a bunch of lace at his chin,   
A coat of the claret velvet, and breeches of brown doe-skin. 
They fitted with never a wrinkle. His boots were up to the thigh.   
And he rode with a jewelled twinkle, 
         His pistol butts a-twinkle, 
His rapier hilt a-twinkle, under the jewelled sky. 
 
Over the cobbles he clattered and clashed in the dark inn-yard. 
He tapped with his whip on the shutters, but all was locked and barred.   
He whistled a tune to the window, and who should be waiting there   
But the landlord’s black-eyed daughter, 
         Bess, the landlord’s daughter, 
Plaiting a dark red love-knot into her long black hair. 
 
And dark in the dark old inn-yard a stable-wicket creaked 
Where Tim the ostler listened. His face was white and peaked.   
His eyes were hollows of madness, his hair like mouldy hay,   
But he loved the landlord’s daughter,
         The landlord’s red-lipped daughter. 
Dumb as a dog he listened, and he heard the robber say— 
 
“One kiss, my bonny sweetheart, I’m after a prize to-night, 
But I shall be back with the yellow gold before the morning light; 
Yet, if they press me sharply, and harry me through the day,   
Then look for me by moonlight, 
         Watch for me by moonlight, 
I’ll come to thee by moonlight, though hell should bar the way.”  
 
(1906) 

Based on the description of "Tim the ostler" in the fourth stanza, which of the following emotions will likely motivate his actions in the remainder of the poem? 

Possible Answers:

Jealousy 

Pity

Despondency 

Love

Indignation 

Correct answer:

Jealousy 

Explanation:

Although it is stated that Tim does love the landlord's daughter, it is clear from the description provided that that love is not returned. He is described as "white and peaked" with eyes that are "hollows of madness" and "hair like mouldy hay." The descriptions highlight the ugliness (inside and out) of this character, hinting that it will be an ugly emotion (jealousy) and not a positive one (love) that will motivate his actions. Jealousy is further suggested by the fact that Tim is watching the landlord's daughter kiss the highwayman, and by the contrast between the highwayman's glittering appearance and Tim's ugly one. There is no evidence in the provided text that pity, despondency, or indignation will motivate his actions.

Passage adapted from Alfred Noyes' "The Highwayman" (1906)

Example Question #12 : Characterization And Motivation: Poetry

  1. One day I wrote her name upon the strand,
  2. But came the waves and washed it away:
  3. Again I wrote it with a second hand,
  4. But came the tide, and made my pains his prey.
  5. Vain man, said she, that doest in vain assay
  6. A mortal thing so to immortalize,
  7. For I myself shall like to this decay,
  8. And eek my name be wiped out likewise.
  9. Not so (quoth I), let baser things devise
  10. To die in dust, but you shall live by fame:
  11. My verse your virtues rare shall eternize,
  12. And in the heavens write your glorious name.
  13. Where whenas Death shall all the world subdue,
  14. Our love shall live, and later life renew.

It is reasonable to infer that the person to whom the poet is speaking believes _____________.

Possible Answers:

The poet’s verses are not as powerful as he thinks

There’s no such thing as immortality

Death is frightening

The poet is untrustworthy

No love lasts forever

Correct answer:

There’s no such thing as immortality

Explanation:

The beloved, watching the waves erase her name written in the sand, tells the poet that he and his efforts are both “vain.” There’s no point in continuing to write her name, because the sea will always erase it, just as time erases every living thing: no one is immortal, including her. She says nothing to suggest that she fears death, that she distrusts the poet, or that she sees her erased name as a symbol of the impermanence of love. She might believe that the poet’s verses are not as powerful as he thinks, but the poem ends before she has a chance to say so.

Passage adapted from Edmund Spenser's "Sonnet 75" (1594)

Example Question #12 : Characterization And Motivation

 (1) During the whole of a dull, dark, and soundless day in the autumn of the year, when the clouds hung oppressively low in the heavens, I had been passing alone, on horseback, through a singularly dreary tract of country, and at length found myself, as the shades of the evening drew on, within view of the melancholy House of Usher. (2) I know not how it was—but, with the first glimpse of the building, a sense of insufferable gloom pervaded my spirit. (3) I say insufferable; for the feeling was unrelieved by any of that half-pleasurable, because poetic, sentiment, with which the mind usually receives even the sternest natural images of the desolate or terrible. (4) I looked upon the scene before me—upon the mere house, and the simple landscape features of the domain—upon the bleak walls—upon the vacant eye-like windows—upon a few rank sedges—and upon a few white trunks of decayed trees—with an utter depression of soul which I can compare to no earthly sensation more properly than to the after-dream of the reveller upon opium—the bitter lapse into every-day life—the hideous dropping off of the veil.

According to the speaker, why is the sight of this house so insufferable?

Possible Answers:

Because it is autumn when he sees the house

Because the house is in a terrible neighborhood

Because the house reminds him of his past

Because he sees the house after coming out of an opium dream

Because he cannot romanticize it

Correct answer:

Because he cannot romanticize it

Explanation:

In sentence 3, we see a specific explanation for why the house is so insufferable: “the feeling was unrelieved by any of that half-pleasurable, because poetic, sentiment, with which the mind usually receives even the sternest natural images of the desolate or terrible.” In other words, there isn’t a single redeeming feature of the house that can make the speaker appreciate the feelings of horror that arise in him.

Passage adapted from Edgar Allan Poe’s “The Fall of the House of Usher,” (1839).

Example Question #2 : Characterization And Motivation: Prose

As I ponder'd in silence,

  Returning upon my poems, considering, lingering long,

  A Phantom arose before me with distrustful aspect,

  Terrible in beauty, age, and power,

  The genius of poets of old lands,    (5)

  As to me directing like flame its eyes,

  With finger pointing to many immortal songs,

  And menacing voice, What singest thou? it said,

  Know'st thou not there is but one theme for ever-enduring bards?

  And that is the theme of War, the fortune of battles,    (10)

  The making of perfect soldiers.

What can be surmised about the writer in this passage?

Possible Answers:

He is a pacifist

He is an agitator for war

He sees his poetry as important and timeless

He is defiant in response to advice about his poetry

He is frightened by his poetic muse

Correct answer:

He sees his poetry as important and timeless

Explanation:

In line 9, the writer relays a message from the “Phantom”: “Know'st thou not there is but one theme for ever-enduring bards?” Since the writer has made the Phantom address himself with this question, it’s implied that the writer seems himself as one of these “ever-enduring bards.” In other words, the writer believes his own poetry to be significant and long lasting.

Passage adapted from Walt Whitman’s “Song of Myself,” Leaves of Grass (1855). 

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