PSAT Math : Linear / Rational / Variable Equations

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for PSAT Math

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Example Questions

Example Question #84 : Linear / Rational / Variable Equations

If 11 + 3x is 29, what is 2x?

Possible Answers:

6

36

2

12

Correct answer:

12

Explanation:

First, solve for x:

11 + 3= 29

29 – 11 = 3x

18 = 3x

x = 6

Then, solve for 2x:

2= 2 * 6 = 12

Example Question #114 : How To Find The Solution To An Equation

If 2x = 3y = 6z = 48, what is the value of x * y * z?

Possible Answers:

1024

1536

3072

6144

2304

Correct answer:

3072

Explanation:

Create 3 separate equations to solve for each variable separately.

1) 2x = 48

2) 3y = 48

3) 6z = 48

x = 24

y = 16

z = 8

 

* y * z = 3072

Example Question #82 : Linear / Rational / Variable Equations

If 3|x – 2| = 12 and |y + 4| = 8, then |x - y| can equal ALL of the following EXCEPT:

Possible Answers:

18

14

2

6

10

Correct answer:

14

Explanation:

We must solve each absolute value equation separately for x and y. Remember that absolute values will always give two different values. In order to find these two values, we must set our equation to equal both a positive and negative value.

In order to solve for x in  3|x – 2| = 12,

we must first divide both sides of our equation by 3 to get |x – 2| = 4.

Now that we no longer have a coefficient in front of our absolute value, we must then form two separate equations, one equaling a positive value and the other equaling a negative value.

We will now get x – 2 = 4

and 

x – 2 = –4.

When we solve for x, we get two values for x:

x = 6 and x = –2.

Do the same thing to solve for y in the equation |y + 4| = 8

and we get

y = 4 and y = –12.

This problem asks us to solve for all the possible solutions of |x - y|.

Because we have two values for x and two values for y, that means that we will have 4 possible, correct answers.

|6 – 4| = 2

|–2 – 4| = 6

|6 – (–12)| = 18

|–2 – (–12)| = 10

Example Question #1 : How To Find Out When An Equation Has No Solution

\frac{x+2}{3}=\frac{x}{3}\displaystyle \frac{x+2}{3}=\frac{x}{3} Solve for \displaystyle x.

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle 3

\displaystyle -3

No solutions.

\displaystyle -2

\displaystyle 4

Correct answer:

No solutions.

Explanation:

Cross multiplying leaves \displaystyle 3x+6=3x, which is not possible.

Example Question #91 : Equations / Inequalities

If \displaystyle \$ is defined for all numbers \displaystyle x and \displaystyle y to be \displaystyle x\$y\displaystyle = x^2 - 2xy\displaystyle x^2 - 2xy, then what is \displaystyle 4\$2?

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle 0

\displaystyle 8

\displaystyle -5

\displaystyle 16

\displaystyle 10

Correct answer:

\displaystyle 0

Explanation:

In evaluating, we can simply plug in 4 and 2 for \displaystyle x and \displaystyle y respectively. We then get \displaystyle 16-16=0.

Example Question #71 : How To Find The Solution To An Equation

Internet service costs $0.50 per minute for the first ten minutes and is $0.20 a minute thereafter. What is the equation that represents the cost of internet in dollars when time is greater than 10 minutes?

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle 5.00

\displaystyle 5.00 + 0.20 (x-10)

\displaystyle 10 + 0.20 (x-10)

\displaystyle 5.00 + 0.20 (x)

\displaystyle 5 + 0.20 (x+10)

Correct answer:

\displaystyle 5.00 + 0.20 (x-10)

Explanation:

The first ten minutes will cost $5. From there we need to apply a $0.20 per-minute charge for every minute after ten. This gives

\displaystyle \$0.20(x-10)+5.

Example Question #92 : Equations / Inequalities

John goes on a trip of \displaystyle b kilometers at a speed of \displaystyle c kilometers an hour. How long did the trip take?

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle c/b

\displaystyle b/c

\displaystyle c+b

\displaystyle c-b

\displaystyle b-c

Correct answer:

\displaystyle b/c

Explanation:

If we take the units and look at division, \displaystyle miles/(miles/hour) will yield hours as a unit. Therefore the answer is \displaystyle b/c.

Example Question #1809 : Sat Mathematics

With a 25\ mph\displaystyle 25\ mph head wind a plane can fly a certain distance in five hours.  The return flight takes an hour less.  How fast was the plane flying?

Possible Answers:

175\ mph\displaystyle 175\ mph

225\ mph\displaystyle 225\ mph

300\ mph\displaystyle 300\ mph

125\ mph\displaystyle 125\ mph

275\ mph\displaystyle 275\ mph

Correct answer:

225\ mph\displaystyle 225\ mph

Explanation:

In general, distance=rate\times time\displaystyle distance=rate\times time

The distance is the same going and coming; however, the head wind affects the rate.  The equation thus becomes (r-25)\times 5=(r+25)\times 4\displaystyle (r-25)\times 5=(r+25)\times 4.

Solving for r\displaystyle r gives r=225\ mph\displaystyle r=225\ mph.

Example Question #93 : Equations / Inequalities

How much water should be added to 2\ L\displaystyle 2\ L of 90% cleaning solution to yield 50% cleaning solution?

Possible Answers:

2.4\ L\displaystyle 2.4\ L

0.8\ L\displaystyle 0.8\ L

1.2\ L\displaystyle 1.2\ L

1.5\ L\displaystyle 1.5\ L

1.6\ L\displaystyle 1.6\ L

Correct answer:

1.6\ L\displaystyle 1.6\ L

Explanation:

Pure water is 0% and pure solution 100%.  Let x\displaystyle x = water to be added.

V_{1}P_{1} + V_{2}P_{2} = V_{f}P_{f}\displaystyle V_{1}P_{1} + V_{2}P_{2} = V_{f}P_{f}  in general where V\displaystyle V is the volume and P\displaystyle P is the percent.

So the equation to solve becomes x(0)+2(0.90)= (x+2)(0.50)\displaystyle x(0)+2(0.90)= (x+2)(0.50)

and x=1.6\ L\displaystyle x=1.6\ L

Example Question #31 : Algebra

Solve x+2y=14\displaystyle x+2y=14 and 2x+y=13\displaystyle 2x+y=13

Possible Answers:

(-4,-5)\displaystyle (-4,-5)

(1,3)\displaystyle (1,3)

(5,4)\displaystyle (5,4)

(4,5)\displaystyle (4,5)

(3,2)\displaystyle (3,2)

Correct answer:

(4,5)\displaystyle (4,5)

Explanation:

This problem is a good example of the substitution method of solving a system of equations.  We start by rewritting the first equation in terms of x\displaystyle x to get x=14-2y\displaystyle x=14-2y and then substutite the x\displaystyle x into the second equation to get

2(14-2y)+y=13\displaystyle 2(14-2y)+y=13

Solving this equation gives y=5\displaystyle y=5 and substituting this value into one of the original equations gives x=4\displaystyle x=4, thus the correct answer is (4,5)\displaystyle (4,5).

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