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Organic Chemistry : Isomers

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Example Question #21 : Isomers

Which of the following structures is equivalent to the enantiomer of the molecule whose Fischer Projection is shown below?

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Screen shot 2015 09 21 at 2.20.32 pm

Possible Answers:

III

Correct answer:

Explanation:

The compound shown is SS, so we need to look for the compound that is RR.

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Example Question #22 : Isomers

What is the Fischer projection of the following molecule?

Screen shot 2015 11 09 at 3.48.42 pm

Screen shot 2015 11 09 at 3.59.36 pm

Possible Answers:

III

Correct answer:

Explanation:

The absolute configuration of the given molecule is 2S,3R (amino group is R, methyl group is S). Putting the methyl group on the top and the alcohol on the bottom, this puts the amino group on the left, and the methyl group on the right. Recall that in the Fischer projection, the vertical bonds are dashed and are going into the plane of the screen/paper, while the horizontal bonds are wedges and are coming out of the plane of the screen/paper. One way to remember this is to think of Fischer projections as a skeleton (dashed vertical) wearing a bowtie (wedged horizontal).

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Example Question #22 : Isomers

What is the IUPAC name for the molecule shown?

Screen shot 2015 11 09 at 4.10.48 pm

Possible Answers:

R-2-methylbut-3-en-1-ol

S-2-methylbut-3-en-1-ol

R-3-methylbut-1-en-4-ol

S-3-methylbut-1-en-4-ol

Correct answer:

S-2-methylbut-3-en-1-ol

Explanation:

The molecule's highest priority functional group is the -OH group, therefore, numbering starts at the left-most carbon. The absolute configuration of the molecule at carbon is S.

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Example Question #16 : Help With Enantiomers

What is the IUPAC name for the molecule shown?

Screen shot 2015 11 12 at 6.01.33 pm

Possible Answers:

(2R,3R)-3-methyl-2-pentanol

(2R,3S)-3-methyl-2-pentanol

(2S,3R)-3-methyl-2-pentanol

(2S,3S)-3-methyl-2-pentanol

Correct answer:

(2R,3S)-3-methyl-2-pentanol

Explanation:

Carbon number : hydroxyl is first priority, The rest of the molecule is second, methyl is third. Placing in back makes $1\rightarrow 2\rightarrow 3$ go clockwise. Therefore, it is R. Carbon number : alkyl with hydroxyl is first priority, The rest of the molecule is second, methyl is third. Placing in back makes $1\rightarrow 2\rightarrow 3$ go counterclockwise. Therefore, it is S.

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Example Question #21 : Help With Enantiomers

Which of the following applies to the molecule shown?

Screen shot 2015 11 09 at 5.11.34 pm

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

Aldehyde group gets first priority; therefore, aldehyde carbon is carbon number . Aldehyde group is first priority, alkyne group is second priority, methyl group is third priority. $1\rightarrow 2\rightarrow 3$ is clockwise, so the molecule is R.

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Example Question #22 : Help With Enantiomers

What is the IUPAC name of the molecule below?

Screen shot 2015 11 09 at 5.21.30 pm

Possible Answers:

S-2-butanamine

R-2-butanamine

S-3-butanamine

R-3-butanamine

Correct answer:

R-2-butanamine

Explanation:

At the chiral carbon, the amino group is first priority, the ethyl group is second priority, and the methyl group is third priority. $1\rightarrow 2\rightarrow 3$ is clockwise when putting H in the back, so the molecule is R.

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Example Question #23 : Help With Enantiomers

What is the IUPAC name of the compound shown?

Possible Answers:

(2R,3R)-3-vinyl-2-pentanol

(2R,3S)-3-propylpent-4-en-2-ol

(3S,4R)-3-propylpent-1-en-4-ol

(2R,3R)-3-propylpent-4-en-2-ol

Correct answer:

(2R,3R)-3-propylpent-4-en-2-ol

Explanation:

Numbering of carbon chain goes from hydroxyl group (on carbon ) to double bond (carbons and ). Hydroxyl carbon and propyl carbon are both R.

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Example Question #24 : Help With Enantiomers

What are the absolute configurations at carbons labelled , , and in the molecule below, respectively?

Screen shot 2015 11 09 at 6.00.01 pm

Possible Answers:

R, S, R

S, S, R

S, R, R

S, R, S

Correct answer:

S, R, R

Explanation:

Carbon number : Hydroxyl is , group going up is , group going down is . Therefore it's S. Carbon number : Group going to chloride is , group going to hydroxyl is , methyl is . Therefore it's R. Carbon number : Chloride is , group going up is , group going down is . Therefore it's R.

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Example Question #51 : Stereochemistry

What is the IUPAC name for the molecule shown below?

Screen shot 2015 11 09 at 6.07.55 pm

Possible Answers:

(4Z,3R)-3,5-dimethyl-4-pentene

(3E,5R)-3,5-dimethyl-3-pentene

(3E,5S)-3,5-dimethyl-3-pentene

(4E,3S)-3,5-dimethyl-4-pentene

Correct answer:

(3E,5S)-3,5-dimethyl-3-pentene

Explanation:

Numbering goes from right to left, so double bond is attributed to carbon #. The double bond is E, because higher priority groups are across the double bond from each other. Carbon # is S.

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Example Question #24 : Help With Enantiomers

Which of the following statements best describes enantiomers?

Possible Answers:

Enantiomers are stereoisomers that have non-identical mirror image conformations.

Enantiomers are stereoisomers that have symmetry along a mirror plane.

None of these are true.

Enantiomers are stereoisomers that are achiral.

Enantiomers are stereoisomers that have identical mirror image conformations.

Correct answer:

Enantiomers are stereoisomers that have non-identical mirror image conformations.

Explanation:

Enantiomers are stereoisomers that have non-identical mirror image conformations and they are chiral as well. They are also non-superimposable which means, when placed on top of each other, they do not look the same.

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Organic Chemistry : Isomers

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for Organic Chemistry

All Organic Chemistry Resources

Example Questions

Example Question #21 : Isomers

Example Question #22 : Isomers

Example Question #22 : Isomers

Example Question #16 : Help With Enantiomers

Example Question #21 : Help With Enantiomers

Example Question #22 : Help With Enantiomers

Example Question #23 : Help With Enantiomers

Example Question #24 : Help With Enantiomers

Example Question #51 : Stereochemistry

Example Question #24 : Help With Enantiomers

All Organic Chemistry Resources

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