The correct answer is "Avoid prolonged sun exposure while taking minocycline." 

This question tests your knowledge of a common side effect of the tetracycline antibiotic, minocycline. Minocycline is known to cause phototoxicity as a side effect in some patients, which may increase the risk and/or severity of sunburn in patients taking the medication. As such, patients should be counseled to avoid prolonged sun exposure when taking minocycline, and if they must be exposed to the sun for significant periods of time, to wear sunblock and keep their skin covered as much as possible. 

Other side effects of minocycline include upset stomach, diarrhea, tooth discoloration in young children, and rarely, pseudotumor cerebri (severe headache and visual disturbance due to intracranial hypertension). As such, it would be inappropriate to advise a patient to ignore severe headaches while taking minocycline. 

Apple juice and acetaminophen are not contraindicated in patients taking minocycline.

The correct answer is "Hearing and renal function."

This question tests your knowledge of the significant potential side effects of the aminoglycoside antibiotic, gentamicin. Gentamicin, like most aminoglycosides, carries a risk of ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. As such, it is very important to assess a patient's hearing function regularly while taking gentamicin, and to follow the patient's BUN/Creatinine, to monitor their renal function while taking gentamicin. In addition, gentamicin dosing is often decided upon via close collaboration with the inpatient pharmacist as they take into account the patient's current dosage and the effect that it has had on the patient's renal function to date.

Gentamicin is not known to significantly influence liver function, hair loss, visual acuity, or hot/cold sensitivity, and therefore these would not be the most important considerations when assessing a patient who is taking gentamicin.

The correct answer is "If you notice a skin rash, please call your physician immediately, and if nobody answers, go to the nearest emergency department."

This question tests your knowledge of the side effects of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, a sulfa antibiotic. This medication has a number of uses, and is frequently used to treat urinary tract infections, as in this patient. A rare, but potentially fatal side effect of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is a severe skin rash called Stevens-Johnson Syndrome. This rash results in death of the cells of the epidermal skin layer, and results in their separation from the dermal skin layer. It occurs for a handful of reasons, but most commonly is a hypersensitivity reaction in the skin and mucus membranes to medications, such as trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole or anti-epileptics. It is a true medical emergency. Thus, if any patient taking trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole experiences a new skin rash, they should call their prescribing physician immediately, and if no one answers, they should proceed to the nearest emergency room.

Neither fish oil, nor banana consumption are contraindicated in patients taking trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole does not typically have any appreciable effects on one's ability to operate heavy machinery, motor vehicles, or play contact sports.

The correct answer is "constipation," as constipation is a very common side effect associated with use of opioid medications, such as oxycodone, especially in patients who have not been frequently treated with opioids in the past. As such, patients are often advised ahead of time about the possibility this side effect and may be started concurrently on stool softeners and colonic motility agents, such as senna and/or docusate.

Blindness, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), headache, and serotonin syndrome all are not known to be associated with use of opioid medications, like oxycodone.

The correct answer is "pruritis." Pruritis, or itching, is a fairly common side effect of opioid medication use, and hydromorphone, also known as Dilaudid, is a potent opioid. As such, patients should be advised of this potential side effect prior to initiation of therapy, and should be advised to inform the nursing or medical care team if they experience pruritis, as dosing can be adjusted, and/or additional medications may be added to control the itchiness. 

Neither hair loss, foot pain, pharyngitis, nor diarrhea are side effects known to be associated with opioid use.

The correct answer is "diarrhea." Diarrhea is a common side effect associated with antibiotic use, including cephalexin. This diarrhea is typically self-limited and resolves within the first day or two of administration. Sometimes patients are advised to take a probiotic or consume yogurt when starting a new antibiotic if they experienced diarrhea when starting antibiotics in the past. 

Neither headaches, hair loss, pharyngitis, nor necrotizing skin rash are known common side effects of cephalexin use.

The correct answer is "pregnancy." Patients initiating isotretinoin therapy should all be strictly advised to avoid becoming pregnant, and must absolutely not be started on isotretinoin therapy if they are actively pregnant. Isotretinoin is a potent teratogenic agent, and could cause devastating effects to a developing fetus, including but not limited to termination of the pregnancy. Any female patient who is going to start isotretinoin therapy must be tested for pregnancy immediately prior to therapy and repeatedly throughout treatment. 

There is no known significant interaction between isotretinoin and NSAID use. Likewise, there is no reason why a patient on isotretinoin must avoid bananas, grains, or juices.