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Example Questions
Example Question #2 : Identifying Viruses
Which of the following viruses is responsible for infectious mononucleosus?
Cytomegalovirus
Epstein Barr virus
Herpes zoster
Parvovirus B19
Epstein Barr virus
Infectious mononucleosis is associated with infection by Epstein Barr virus, a form of human herpes virus. Cytomegalovirus is associated primarily with congenital defects, parvovirus B19 is the cause of fifth's disease, also known as "slapped cheek syndrome." Herpes zoster is the virus responsible for both chicken pox and shingles.
Example Question #1 : Identifying Viruses
Zika virus is primarily transmitted via what route?
Tick bite
Oral-fecal
Respiratory droplets
Mosquito bite
Mosquito bite
Zika virus is primarily transmitted via mosquito bite. However, it can also be transmitted by sexual contact and it can cross the placenta, allowing an infected mother to pass the virus to an unborn child.
Example Question #4 : Viruses And Other Microorganisms
High fever, cough, runny nose, maculopapular rash, and Koplik's spots are seen in which of the following viral infections?
Epstein-Barr
Scarlet fever
Mumps
Measles
Measles
Koplik's spots are oral lesions seen early-on in infection with the measles virus. These spots are only present in a minority of cases, though. Other common symptoms of measles include high fever (often over 104 degrees fahrenheit), cough, runny nose, and a maculopapular rash which begins at the hair line and spreads down to the trunk and extremities.
The most noticeable symptom in mumps infection is enlargement of the parotid glands, while Epstein Barr infection can result in fatigue, lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly. Scarlet fever is not a viral infection, but rather is caused by the bacteria streptococcus pyogenes.
Example Question #2 : Identifying Viruses
How is the measles virus primarily spread?
Fecal-oral
Contaminated blood
Insect vectors
Respiratory droplets
Respiratory droplets
The measles virus is one of the most highly contagious of all childhood exanthems. It is spread primarily by respiratory droplets, or by touching a surface that has been in contact with an infected individual's saliva or mucus. It is not spread in feces, nor is it blood or vector borne.
Example Question #1 : Identifying Viruses
Which of the following is an infection of the finger, toe, or nail cuticle with the herpes simplex virus?
Herpangina
Infectious paronychia
Herpetic paronychia
Herpetic whitlow
Herpetic whitlow
An infection of the finger, toe, or cuticle with the herpes simplex virus is known as a herpetic whitlow. This infection causes painful swelling and erythema at the site of contact and is often caused by the finger coming into contact with a cold sore (oral herpes simplex lesion). It is more common in individuals who are frequently in contact with oral mucosa, such as dentists and dental hygienist, nurses, and in individuals who bite their nails or suck their fingers or thumb.
Example Question #231 : Nclex
Which of the following is the most common cause of infectious neonatal hearing loss?
Epstein Barr virus
Cytomegalovirus
Measles
Chlamydia
Cytomegalovirus
The most common cause of infectious hearing loss in neonates is cytomegalovirus (CMV), also known as human herpes virus 5. While this disease rarely causes symptoms in adults, it can cause significant harm to a fetus. One of the primary fetal consequences of CMV infection in pregnancy is hearing loss. Other issues can include vision loss, developmental delays, and seizures.
All of the other infections listed can have significant impacts on the health of a fetus or neonate, including pre-term birth, spontaneous abortion, and vision loss, though none are currently associated with risk of hearing loss.
Example Question #231 : Nclex
A father brings in his seven year old son for "bumps" all over his arms and trunk. On examination, the nurse sees 20-30 small (1-5mm), flesh-colored, dome shaped papules. They are pearly and several have dimpled centers. They are not itchy, crusting, or painful. These lesions are most likely which of the following:
Herpes simplex
Common warts
Chicken pox
Molluscum contagiosum
Molluscum contagiosum
The lesions described are most likely molluscum contagiosum, caused by the molluscum contagiosum virus. Molluscum contagiosum generally present as 1-5mm papules that are flesh-colored and dome shaped. The dimpled center may or may not be visible on papules, though this is considered pathognomonic for the virus. Common warts may present with a similar appearance, but will not generally present in such high numbers and don't have a dimpled appearance. Chicken pox lesions will generally be red and weeping or crusting, and herpes simplex lesions are not commonly seen outside of the oral mucosa, genital area, or fingers.
Example Question #42 : Microbiology
Which of the following viruses is the most common cause of febrile seizures?
Human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6)
Measles virus
Epstein Barr virus
Parvovirus B-19
Human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6)
The majority of febrile seizures are caused by viral infections, with the most common virus involved being human herpes virus 6, or HHV-6.
Example Question #232 : Nclex
What is the incubation period for infectious mononucleosis?
7-14 days
14-28 days
30-50 days
2-3 days
30-50 days
Infectious mononucleosis, a condition caused by Epstein Barr virus, has a very long incubation period: onset of the disease is typically 30-50 days after the time of initial infection.
Example Question #232 : Nclex
Bell's palsy is associated with the reactivation of which of the following viral infections?
Varicella zoster
Herpes simplex 1
Rotavirus
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes simplex 1
Bell's palsy is associated with reactivation of herpes simplex 1, a human herpes virus that can exist in latent form in the dorsal root ganglia of nerves in the head and neck. Reactivation of the virus causes the temporary unilateral facial paralysis associated with Bell's palsy.
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