NCLEX : NCLEX

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for NCLEX

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Example Questions

Example Question #4 : Identifying Bacteria

90% of all Proteus infections in human are caused by what organism?

Possible Answers:

Proteus mirabilis

Proteus vulgaris

Proteus myxofaciens

Proteus penneri

Correct answer:

Proteus mirabilis

Explanation:

While Proteus penneri and Proteus vulgaris do cause opportunistic infections in a small percentage of people, 90% of Proteus infections in humans are caused by Proteus mirabilis. 

Proteus myxofaciens is only found in insect hosts and does not infect humans.

Example Question #11 : Microbiology

Proteus mirabilis is classified as which of the following?

Possible Answers:

Gram-negative, anaerobic, coccus

Gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped

Gram-positive, anaerobic, rod-shaped

Gram-positive, aerobic, coccus

Correct answer:

Gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped

Explanation:

Proteus mirabilis is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped (bacillus) bacteria. It produces large amounts of the enzyme urease, which is able to hydrolyze urea to ammonia, causing the distinctively high pH seen in the urine of individuals with a P. mirabilis infection.  

Example Question #11 : Microbiology

Which of the following bacteria is Gram positive cocci that is found in clusters?

Possible Answers:

Staphlococcyous aureus

Streptococcyous pyogenes

Pseudomonas

E. Coli

Correct answer:

Staphlococcyous aureus

Explanation:

Bacteria are classified as either Gram positive or Gram negative. Gram positive bacteria stain purple because of their thick peptidoglycan cell wall. Staph and Strep groups are both Gram positive. Bacteria can then be organized based on their shape. Cocci are circular while bacilli are rectangular in shape. Staph grows in clusters.

Example Question #2 : Understanding Bacteria

If a colony of round or oval-shaped bacteria are arranged in a random grape-like cluster, they must be:

Possible Answers:

Spirochetes

Staphylococci

There is no way to predict based on the information provided.

Streptococci

Streptobacilli

Correct answer:

Staphylococci

Explanation:

The two most common bacterial arrangements are Staph- and Strep-. Staph- is a non-symmetrical arrangement like a cluster of grapes. Strep- indicates a chain of bacteria.

The three most common bacterial shapes are listed below.

Coccus—round or oval

Bacillus—rectangular or rod-shaped

Spirilla (spirochete)—spiral

By breaking down names into arrangement and shape, students can predict or identify the appearance of an organism by its name. In the example Staph indicates arrangement in a chain. Coccus indicates round or oval in shape. Therefore, Staphylococci are round or oval-shaped organisms arranged in a cluster.

Example Question #1 : Classes Of Bacteria

Which of the following correctly describes the classification of Bordetella pertussis?

Possible Answers:

Gram positive anaerobic rod

Gram positive aerobic cocci

Gram negative aerobic rod

Gram negative anaerobic cocci

Correct answer:

Gram negative aerobic rod

Explanation:

Bordetella pertussis is a Gram negative, rod-shaped aerobe. It requires oxygen to function and commonly infects the respiratory tract of young children, causing whooping cough. 

Example Question #2 : Classes Of Bacteria

Which of the following describes the classification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

Possible Answers:

Gram negative rod

Gram positive rod

Gram positive diplococcus

Gram negative diplococcus

Correct answer:

Gram negative diplococcus

Explanation:

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a Gram negative coccus bacterium that generally presents as a diplococcus (in pairs of cocci). 

Example Question #11 : Bacteria

Vibrio cholerae is classified as what type of bacteria?

Possible Answers:

Gram negative facultative rods

Gram positive facultative rods

Gram positive cocci

Gram negative cocci

Correct answer:

Gram negative facultative rods

Explanation:

Vibrio cholerae is classified as Gram negative facultative rods. This bacteria is the most well known amongst the Vibrio species as it's the cause of cholera, which produces a toxin that causes very severe diarrhea.

Example Question #12 : Microbiology

Any species of bacteria that feeds on dead matter is termed a __________.

Possible Answers:

Halophile

Saprophyte

Thermophile

Archaebacteria

Correct answer:

Saprophyte

Explanation:

Bacteria or any other microbes that feed on dead matter are termed saprophytes. Thermophilic microbes thrive in heated environments, halophiles such as Vibrio parahaemolyticus prefer salt water, and archaebacteria are a group of bacteria found in high heat, high salt content locations such as sewage treatment plants and are able to tolerate many extreme habitats.

Example Question #11 : Microbiology

E. coli is classified as what type of bacteria?

Possible Answers:

Gram negative cocci

Gram negative rod

Gram positive cocci

Gram positive rod

Correct answer:

Gram negative rod

Explanation:

E. coli is a Gram negative rod. It's a lactose fermenting bacteria commonly implicated in urinary tract infections and less frequently in gastroenteritis. 

Example Question #13 : Microbiology

Which of the following describes the morphology and features of Staphylococcus species?

Possible Answers:

Gram negative cocci, catalase positive

Gram negative rods, catalase negative

Gram positive cocci, catalase positive

Gram positive rods, catalase negative

Correct answer:

Gram positive cocci, catalase positive

Explanation:

Staphylococcus species are Gram positive, catalase positive cocci. The most famous member of this bacterial species, Staphylococcus aureus, is commonly implicated in skin infections, upper respiratory infections, and gastroenteritis (food poisoning).

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