After a fracture, osteoblasts—bone forming cells—start to produce new bone through the process of osteogenesis. They produce compact bone and fuse the bone segments together.

An osteocyte is a mature bone cell. Osteoclasts are cells that dissolve the bony matrix. An osteon is a unit of hard bone with embedded osteocytes that surround a central (Haversian) canal containing a capillary. Osteodentin is calcification resembling bone that forms very rapidly in response to trauma, such that cells and blood vessels are incorporated. 

Volkmann canals connect different Haversian systems, allowing the osteocytes within their lacuna to communicate via chemical and cellular signalling.

Canaliculi form a "spiderweb" of tiny channels to facilitate communication between osteocytes within a single Haversian system, but do not permit communication between different osteons.

The primary function of red bone marrow is to make red blood cells in the process known as erythropoiesis. If all bone marrow is destroyed, then an individual will lose the ability to make red blood cells.

Myogenesis is performed by muscle fibers and satellite cells. Osteogenesis is performed by osteoblasts. Neurogenesis primarily occurs during early development and is performed by neural stem cells.

Red bone marrow is primarily located in flat bones (such as the sternum and pelvis) and in the epiphyses of long bones. It is responsible for producing red blood cells, a process known as erythropoiesis. At birth, all bones of the human skeleton carry out erythropoesis, but many bones stop this function as the newborn ages.

It is important to note that yellow bone marrow is found in the medullary cavity within the diaphyses of long bones and assists in fat storage.

Red bone marrow is filled with hematopoietic stem cells. Red bone marrow is found in the heads, or epiphyses, of long bones. Yellow marrow fills the medullary cavity and consists mostly of fats. The diaphysis contains the medullary cavity and therefore contains no red marrow. The periosteum has no marrow in it at all.

Since red bone marrow is a site of red blood cell and platelet production, hypoxia (low oxygen) would result in an increase in red marrow and therefore RBC concentration.  Yellow bone marrow (typcially adipocyte-filled) can be converted into red bone marrow under conditions of low oxygen or blood loss.  

Bone is living tissue and it therefore requires a blood supply, which is brought to the bone itself by the vital soft tissue envelope around it. Articular cartilage routinely caps the epiphysis (end) of a long bone. The region adjacent to the epiphysis is termed the metaphysis, whereas the shaft of a long bone is the diaphysis.  

There are two main types of structural configurations that form bone tissue: compact bone (or cortical bone) and spongy bone (or cancellous bone). Compact bones function to maintain the structure of the body and release chemical elements, such as calcium. Compact bones are characterized by their specialized haversian system, or osteon structure. It is the fundamental unit of compact bone structure and consists of a haversian canal (a tunnel that is created by osteoclast activity to remove bone tissue) and lamellae (layers of compact bone tissue organized in concentric circles). Spongy bones do not contain these haversian systems.

Spongy bone is relatively flexible bone tissue that is found at the end of long bones (the epiphyses). One of their main functions is to develop red blood cells, as they house the red bone marrow responsible for erythropoiesis and erythrocyte maturation. Compact bones, on the other hand, contain yellow bone marrow that functions to store fat and adipose tissue.

Osteocytes are differentiated osteoblasts that have become imbedded in hydroxyapatite bone matrix. The osteocytes are found in small gaps in bone matrix called lacunae and exchange nutrients with the blood using small canals called canaliculi. Lamellae are the concentric regions of osteocytes that are arranged around the central Haversian canal. The canal houses blood vessels and nerves to nourish and stimulate the osteocytes via the canaliculi.

The skeletal system is responsible for a variety of functions in the body. Long bones contain both red and yellow bone marrow, which are the sites for fat storage and hematopoeisis respectively. Bones are also responsible for the storage of calcium and phosphate, which can be released in order to maintain normal levels in the blood.

White blood cells are derived from stem cells in the bone marrow. B-cells continue to develop in the bone marrow, but T-cells develop in the thymus.