We can infer that because Billy "passed his later tests with flying colors," we need to pick out an answer choice that is an adjective that means something like "later" to describe the exams for which he studied. So, neither "prior" nor "previous" can be the correct answer because both of those words are antonyms of "later." "Subsequent," however, means "coming after something in time; following," and because "subsequent" is the answer choice that best describes the tests for which Billy studied and best fits the context of the sentence, "subsequent" is the correct answer.

From the context of the sentence, you know that the blank word must mean something like “dangerous.” This should lead you to the correct answer, which is “perilous.” "Perilous" means very dangerous or ominous, as "peril" means danger. To help you, "benevolent" means good-natured and is an antonym of "malevolent" and "diabolical," which each mean evil; "obscure" means hidden or unusual. 

From the context of the sentence, you know that the blank word must describe some quality of Paul’s that makes him good at saving money. This information should lead you to the correct answer, which is “frugal.” "Frugal" means thrifty or economical with money. To help you, "philanthropic" means charitable, "susceptible" means vulnerable or in danger, and "magnanimous" means generous or noble.

In order to complete this sentence, one needs to find a word that describes the subject's neighbors and how they make the subject feel at home when he or she goes over to their house for dinner. The best word to describe the subject's neighbors is "hospitable." "Hospitable" means making guests feel welcome.

What do we know about substitute teacher described in the sentence? We know that he or she "reports students for breaking even the most minor rules." So, we could describe this substitute as being very harsh or severe. When we look for an answer choice that means something like "severe," it becomes apparent that "strict," a word that means harsh, severe, and focused on enforcing rules makes sense in the sentence and is the correct answer. The prefix "stri-" means binding, tight, or fixed, as seen in the words “restrictive,” “strict,” and “constrict.” None of the other answer choices make sense in the blank: “accessible” means able to be accessed; “introspective” means focused on internal thoughts; “somnambulant” means sleep-walking; and “charitable” means generous in giving things to others.

We know from the sentence that the child is stealing something, and that he does not want to be seen by his mother. Thus, we know that the blank should include a word like "stealthy." The best answer choice is "surreptitious," which means sneaky, secret or stealthy. The other answer choices do not work in this sentence: "amiable" means friendly; "jovial" means joyous; and "vapid" means uninspired or uninterested.

The sentence tells you that the pillars lay in some unknown condition until vandals came along and covered them in graffiti. The word “vandal” means someone who destroys things and first entered the English language several hundred years ago after a barbarian tribe called the Vandals sacked the city of Rome. You could infer that sentence means to say that the pillars were undisturbed until the 17th century. You need to determine which word means undisturbed and the correct answer is “inviolate.” To provide further help, “perturbed” means worried; “tangible” means able to be touched; “futile” means pointless.

Since the car ride took place along "bumpy country roads" and the car bumped along throughout the trip, it was seemingly "jarring," or shaking, jolting, or rattling.

Someone who always arrives on time and who is rarely late is "punctual." "Punctual" means regularly arriving on time for events. While the other answer choices are positive adjectives that one may associate with the characteristic of being punctual, they are not as precise as the word "punctual" itself.

"Nutritious" means containing things that, when eaten, are healthy or beneficial to one's body. Vitamins and minerals are of high benefit to one's body.Therefore, "nutritious" is the best answer choice. The other answer choices may logically make sense in the sentence, but given that the sentence talks about vitamins and minerals, "nutritious" is the best answer choice.