The word "assume" means to suppose something to be the case. For example, let's say that I haven't looked out the window today. For the past five weeks, it has been sunny outside. If I assume that it will be sunny, I am making an educated guess that it will be so again. I don't take an umbrella because I suppose that it will be dry outside. Sometimes, you hear people say something like, "Suppose that you are on a high mountain alone, what would you do?" This is trying to get you to assume that you are on such a mountain so that you can imagine what you might do in that situation.

Remember that the prefix "re-" means again or back. The word "recall" means something like to call back. It can be used in the sense meaning to call to mind again. In other words, it can mean to remember. We use the word this way when we say, "I recall your face!" This means, "I remember you!"

When we "demand" something, we ask for it with a lot of energy and force. Because of this, you may think that "shout" or "scream" are good answers. You can, however, demand something without shouting or screaming, nor are all shouts or screams themselves "demands." Now, while there are various possible meanings for the verb "demand," the only option in this question that functions well is "order." For example, you could say, "He demanded that she bring the book to him immediately." This means that he ordered her to do so.

Although editing is often done when something is going to be published, these are not synonymous words.  When we edit something, we review it and try to find mistakes.  Sometimes, we even remove parts to help make the work better.  This can be done with written works as well as things like movies and, even, songs.  When we "revise" something, we make a new version of it, hopefully one that is improved after the editing has been done.

Whenever we "scold" someone, we rebuke him or her for doing something bad. For example, you could say, "The mother scolded her daughter for kicking her brother." The only option that expresses this idea of rebuking is "reprimand."

The word "estimate" can be used either as a verb or as a noun. All of the options here are verbs, so this is the meaning that we are looking for. When we estimate something, we make a rough guess about how much it is. For example, if someone put a bowl of candy in front of you, he or she could say, "Estimate how many pieces are in there."  In this situation, you are being asked to guess how many are in the bowl. Thus, the option "guess" is the correct answer. When the word "estimate" is used as a noun, "the estimate" is the actual guess. For example, if you answered, "484 pieces," this guess was your estimate.

Whenever we "pardon" someone, we forgive him or her for doing something wrong or offensive. Sometimes, we speak of pardoning the offence itself. Thus, you could say, "I pardoned her rude remark, even though she should have known better." This means that you "forgave" it—though she should have known that it was wrong.

The verb "to determine" means to decide upon. Thus, you can say, "The carpenter determined that he would need five feet of wood for the project." This means that he decided that he would need five feet of wood. A "determined amount" is an amount that has been settled upon by someone. Hence, the simple word "decide" is the best option. Even the options "consider" and "reflect" are not sufficient. We can "consider" something without determining one thing or another. Consideration does not necessarily include making a particular decision.

To "inquire" means to ask for more information about something, therefore "ask" is the best synonym.

The word "commemorate" means celebrate. "Celebrate" is the best choice because it is part of the definition of "commemorate." Considering the other choices, "recall" means recall information, "comment" means respond to something verbally, and "disdain" means to be disgusted by.