Human Anatomy and Physiology : Identifying Muscles of the Lower Extremities
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Example Questions
Example Question #51 : Identifying Muscles Of The Lower Extremities
Which quadriceps muscle is most medial and distal in anatomical position?
Vastus intermedialis
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Sartorius
Vastus medialis
Vastus medialis
Vastus medialis is most medial (medialis) as well as most distal. Rectus femoris is located most medially to the leg, but not the body, which is what is used as reference when looking at anatomical position. Vastus lateralis (lateral) and Vastus medialis (medial) are also not correct as they do not fit the description of both medical and distal. Finally the sartorius is not part of the quadriceps muscle group.
Example Question #52 : Identifying Muscles Of The Lower Extremities
Where does the soleus muscle insert?
Medial and plantar surfaces of the 1st cuniform in the foot
To the calcaneus via the achilles tendon
Tibial tuberosity
None of these
Navicular tuberosity
To the calcaneus via the achilles tendon
The soleus is one part of the calf muscle, and is deep to the gastrocnemius. This muscle inserts via the achilles tendon to the calcaneus and allows for plantarflexion of the foot.
The tibial tuberosity is located at the proximal anterior portion of the tibia, and the navicular tuberosity and 1st cuniform are located in the midfoot and are insertion points for medial and lateral muscles of the foot and lower leg.
Example Question #53 : Identifying Muscles Of The Lower Extremities
A patient has ruptured hit achilles tendon. What motion will this patient not be able to perform?
Plantarflexion
Abduction
Inversion
Eversion
Dosiflexion
Plantarflexion
The muscles that insert to the achilles tendon allow for plantarflexion of the foot, which is created due to shortening of the posterior muscles of the lower leg. Dorsiflexion is created through the anterior muscles of the lower leg. Eversion is created through the lateral muscles, and inversion is created with the medial muscles. Abduction is the motion of moving a body part away from the midline.
Example Question #54 : Identifying Muscles Of The Lower Extremities
Which muscle does not make up part of the pes anserine?
None of these
Vastus medialis
Semitendinous
Gracilis
Sartorius
Vastus medialis
The sartorius, semitendinous and gracilis all make up the pes anserine tendon. Vastus medialis, although on the medial aspect of the knee, does not make up this muscle group as it inserts to the tibial tubercle via the patellar tendon.
Example Question #55 : Identifying Muscles Of The Lower Extremities
The iliopsoas muscle __________.
extends the trunk on the hip
flexes the thigh at the hip joint and medially rotates it
functions when sitting up from the supine position
does not function when sitting up from the supine position
extends the thigh at the hip joint and laterally rotates it
functions when sitting up from the supine position
The iliopsoas muscle is composed of the iliacus and psoas major muscles. It functions as a flexor of the thigh at the hip joint and laterally rotates it. It's also capable of flexing the trunk on the hip as in sitting up from the supine position.
Example Question #56 : Identifying Muscles Of The Lower Extremities
Muscles that move the foot include __________.
only the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles
only the soleus and tibialis anterior muscles
the tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, gastrocnemius, and soleus muscles
only the extensor digitorum longus muscle
the sartorius and gastrocnemius muscles
the tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, gastrocnemius, and soleus muscles
The tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus muscles both dorsiflex the foot at the ankle joint; the tibialis anterior also inverts the foot at the intertarsal joints and the extensor digitorum longus extends the proximal and distal phalanges. The gastrocnemius and soleus muscles are plantarflexors of the foot at the ankle joint. The gastrocnemius also flexes the leg at the knee joint.
Example Question #57 : Identifying Muscles Of The Lower Extremities
The quadriceps femoris group __________.
acts at the knee joint to extend the leg
consists only of the "vasti" muscles
may sometimes include the sartorius muscle
is capable of extending the thigh at the hip joint
may sometimes include the adductus longus muscle
acts at the knee joint to extend the leg
The quadriceps femoris group of muscles are the main extensors of the leg at the knee joint. They consist of the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and vastus medialis muscles. The rectus femoris muscle also flexes the thigh at the hip joint.
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