Human Anatomy and Physiology : Help with Immune System Injuries and Disorders
Study concepts, example questions & explanations for Human Anatomy and Physiology
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Example Questions
Example Question #1 : Immune System
Which of the following is a sign of inflammation?
Dizziness
Ataxia
Calor
Impaired vision
Calor
Calor—or redness—is associated with increased blood flow, which can result from inflammation. During an inflammation response, histamine release results in vasodilation and increased bloodflow, which can cause the infalmmed area to appear red.
Example Question #2 : Immune System
What type of microbiota infect individuals who are already immunocompromised?
Resident microbiota
Opportunistic microbiota
Pathogens
Transient microbiota
Opportunistic microbiota
Opportunistic microbiota can form biofilms and affect patients who are immunocompromised, suchs as someone with AIDS or a chronic illness.
Resident microbiota are always present in the body and frequently have mutualistic relationships with their human hosts. Transient microbiota are present at some times, but absent at others. Pathogens affect healthy individuals, as well as those who may be immunocompromised.
Example Question #3 : Immune System
Which of the following does not release histamine?
Mast cell
Neutrophil
Platelet
Basophil
Neutrophil
Mast cells are perhaps the best-known producers of histamine. Basophils also release histamine and contribute to the inflammatory response, while platelets are also capable of releasing histamine. Neutrophils are best-known for their phagocytic properties, and do not produce histamine.
Example Question #4 : Immune System
Which of the following causes edema during inflammation?
Increased hydrostatic pressure in the arterioles
Increased oncotic pressure in the arterioles
Increased oncotic pressure in the venules
Decreased hydrostatic pressure in the venules
Increased hydrostatic pressure in the arterioles
There are two primary types of pressure: hydrostatic pressure is the result of fluid volume pressing on a physical boundary, while oncotic pressure is the pulling force of protein concentrations causing watter diffuse across a membrane. During an inflammation response, fluid is allowed to leak out of arterioles and capillaries resulting in increased hydrostatic pressure in the interstitium. Edema is the accumulation of fluid in the interstitium.
All the other answers cause fluid to return to the vessel, rather than exit it.
Example Question #5 : Immune System
Which of the following do NSAIDS effect?
Lipoxygenase
Leukotriene
COX-1
Phospholipase C
COX-1
NSAIDs inhibit COX-1, inhibiting the formation of prostanglandins.
Example Question #6 : Immune System
What is sarcoidosis?
Another term for tuberculosis
A form of cancer
A digestive disorder that leads to irritable bowels
A disorder of the immune system cells that cause inflammation which leads to the formation of granulomas
A disorder of the immune system cells that cause inflammation which leads to the formation of granulomas
Sarcoidosis is a disease of unknown cause that leads to inflammation. The immune cells that cause inflammation do not dissipate and instead, create clusters called granulomas. Not all cases of sarcoidosis require treatment.
Example Question #7 : Immune System
What is the difference between MRSA and other Staphylococcus infections?
MRSA is easier to treat
MRSA is antibiotic resistant
They are the same thing
Other Staphylococcus infections are more serious
MRSA is antibiotic resistant
MRSA stands for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. It is often seen in hospitals or long term care facilities. It can be treated using other antibiotics or is sometimes drained and left to heal without other intervention.
Example Question #8 : Immune System
What are some of the symptoms of African sleeping sickness?
Irritability, insomnia, uncontrollable bleeding
Fever, severe headache, irritability, extreme fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, and aching muscles
Wet cough, excessive mucous secretion from nose and eyes, and headache
Severe fever, hacking cough, and blood in stools
Fever, severe headache, irritability, extreme fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, and aching muscles
African Sleeping Sickness, caused by a parasite spread by the Tsetse Fly, has several symptoms that appear about 1-3 weeks after being bitten by the fly. The most common symptoms are fevers, extreme fatigue, muscle aches, irritability, swollen lymph nodes, and severe headaches.
Example Question #9 : Immune System
What insect carries the parasite responsible for African sleeping sickness?
Mosquito
Botfly
Lone star tick
Tsetse fly
Tsetse fly
Africa sleeping sickness, also known as African trypanosomosis, is caused by a parasite. The parasite, Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, is carried by the Tsetse fly. The fly bite is the mechanism for the parasite entering the body. There are two variations of sleeping sickness, East African and West African.
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