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High School Math : Calculus II — Integrals

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Example Question #2171 : High School Math

Find the magnitude of v=6i-6j .

Possible Answers:

$6\sqrt{2}$

$\sqrt{36}$

$\sqrt{24}$

Correct answer:

$6\sqrt{2}$

Explanation:

v=6i-6j therefore the vector is <6,-6>

To solve for the magnitude:

$\sqrt{(6)^2+(-6)^2}$

$\sqrt{(36)+(36)}$

$\sqrt{72}$

$6\sqrt{2}$

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Example Question #22 : Calculus Ii — Integrals

Let $\vec{}$ $\vec{a}$ and $\vec{b}$ be the following vectors: $\vec{a}=\left \langle 1,2,1\right \rangle$ and $\vec{b}=\left \langle 2,3,-1\right \rangle$ . If $\theta$ is the acute angle between the vectors, then which of the following is equal to $\theta$ ?

Possible Answers:

$\tan^{-1}\left(\frac{\sqrt{21}}{14}\right)$

$\cos^{-1}\left(\frac{\sqrt{21}}{14}\right)$

$\cos^{-1}\left(\frac{\sqrt{21}}{7}\right)$

$\sin^{-1}\left(\frac{\sqrt{21}}{7}\right)$

Correct answer:

$\cos^{-1}\left(\frac{\sqrt{21}}{14}\right)$

Explanation:

The cosine of the acute angle between two vectors is given by the following formula:

$\cos\theta=\frac{\vec{a}\cdot \vec{b}}{\left \| \vec{a}\right \| \left \| \vec{b} \right \|}$ , where $\vec{a} \cdot \vec{b}$ represents the dot product of the two vectors, $\left \| \vec{a} \right \|$ is the magnitude of vector a, and $\left \| \vec{b} \right \|$ is the magnitude of vector b.

First, we will need to compute the dot product of the two vectors. Let's say we have two general vectors in space (three dimensions), $\vec{a}$ and $\vec{b}$ . Let the components of $\vec{a}$ be $<a_{1}, a_{2}, a_{3}>$ and the components of $\vec{b}$ be $<b_{1}, b_{2}, b_{3}>$ . Then the dot product $\vec{a} \cdot \vec{b}$ is defined as follows:

$\vec{a} \cdot \vec{b}=a_{1}(b_{1})+a_{2}(b_{2})+a_{3}(b_{3})$ .

Going back to the original problem, we can use this definition to find the dot product of $\vec{a}=<1,2,1>$ and $\vec{b}=<-2,3,-1>$ .

$\vec{a} \cdot \vec{b}=a_{1}(b_{1})+a_{2}(b_{2})+a_{3}(b_{3})$

=1(-2)+2(3)+1(-1)

=-2+6-1=3

The next two things we will need to compute are $\left \| \vec{a} \right \|$ and $\left \| \vec{b} \right \|$ .

Let the components of a general vector $\vec{a}$ be $<a_{1}, a_{2}, a_{3}>$ . Then $\left \| \vec{a} \right \|$ is defined as $\left \| \vec{a}\right \|=\sqrt{(a_{1})^2+(a_{2})^2+(a_3)^2}$ .

Thus, if $\vec{a}=<1,2,1>$ and $\vec{b}=<-2,3,-1>$ , then

$\left \| \vec{a}\right \|=\sqrt{(a_{1})^2+(a_{2})^2+(a_3)^2}$

$=\sqrt{(1)^2+(2)^2+(1)^2}=\sqrt{1+4+1}=\sqrt{6}$

and $\left \| \vec{b}\right \|=\sqrt{(b_{1})^2+(b_{2})^2+(b_3)^2}=\sqrt{(-2)^2+(3)^2+(-1)^2}$

$=\sqrt{4+9+1}=\sqrt{14}$ .

Now, we put all of this information together to find the cosine of the angle between the two vectors.

$\cos\theta=\frac{\vec{a}\cdot \vec{b}}{\left \| \vec{a}\right \| \left \| \vec{b} \right \|}=\frac{3}{\sqrt{6}\cdot\sqrt{14}}$

We just need to simplify this.

$\frac{3}{\sqrt{6}\cdot\sqrt{14}}=\frac{3}{\sqrt{6\cdot14}}=\frac{3}{\sqrt{2\cdot3\cdot2\cdot7}}$

$=\frac{3}{2\sqrt{21}}$ .

In order to get it completely simplified, we have to rationalize the denominator by multiplying the numerator and denominator by the sqare root of 21.

$\frac{3}{2\sqrt{21}}=\frac{3\cdot\sqrt{21}}{2\sqrt{21}\cdot\sqrt{21}}=\frac{3\sqrt{21}}{2(21)}$

$=\frac{\sqrt{21}}{2\cdot7}=\frac{\sqrt{21}}{14}$ .

We just have one more step. We need to solve for the value of the angle. In order to do this, we can take the inverse cosine of both sides of the equation.

$\cos\theta=\frac{\sqrt{21}}{14}$

$\theta=\cos^{-1}(\frac{\sqrt{21}}{14})$ .

The answer is $\cos^{-1}(\frac{\sqrt{21}}{14})$ .

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Example Question #1 : Finding First And Second Derivatives

Find the second derivative of f(x).

$f(x)=\frac{1}{4} e^{2x}-cosx$

Possible Answers:

$e^{2x}+cosx$

$\frac{1}{2}e^{2x}+cosx$

$e^{2x}+sinx$

$e^{2x}-cosx$

$\frac{1}{2}e^{2x}+sinx$

Correct answer:

$e^{2x}+cosx$

Explanation:

First we should find the first derivative of f(x) . Remember the derivative of $e^{2x}$ is $2e^{2x}$ and the derivative of cosx is -sinx :

$f'(x)=\frac{1}{2}e^{2x}+sinx$

The second derivative is just the derivative of the first derivative:

$f''(x)=e^{2x}+cosx$

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Example Question #1231 : Ap Calculus Ab

Find the derivative of the function

f(x)=tan^4x-tan^3x+tan^2x .

Possible Answers:

$(4tan^3x-3tan^2x+2tanx)\cdot csc^2x$

$\frac{4tan^3x+3tan^2x+2tanx}{sec^2x}$

$(4tan^3x-3tan^2x+2tanx)\cdot sec^2x$

$(4tan^3x-3tan^2x+2tanx)\cdot secx$

$\frac{4tan^3x-3tan^2x+2tanx}{csc^2x}$

Correct answer:

$(4tan^3x-3tan^2x+2tanx)\cdot sec^2x$

Explanation:

We can use the Chain Rule:

Let u=tanx , so that f(x)=u^4-u^3+u^2 .

$\frac{df}{dx}=\frac{df}{du}.\frac{du}{dx}=(4u^3-3u^2+2u)\cdot sec^2x=(4tan^3x-3tan^2x+2tanx)\cdot sec^2x$

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Example Question #1 : Derivative Interpreted As An Instantaneous Rate Of Change

Evaluate the following limit:

$\lim_{x\rightarrow 0} (\frac{1-cos2x}{sinx})$

Possible Answers:

$\infty$

Correct answer:

Explanation:

When approaches 0 both sinx and (1-cos2x) will approach . Therefore, L’Hopital’s Rule can be applied here. Take the derivatives of the numerator and denominator and try the limit again:

$\lim_{x\rightarrow 0} (\frac{1-cos2x}{sinx})= \lim_{x\rightarrow 0} (\frac{2sin2x}{cosx})=\frac{0}{1}=0$

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Example Question #1 : Integrals

Evaluate:

$\int_{1}^{e^{100}} \frac{1}{x}dx$

Possible Answers:

$\ln 100$

$\frac{100}{e}$

$\frac{1}{100}$

100e

100

Correct answer:

100

Explanation:

$\int_{1}^{e^{100}} \frac{dx}{x} = \ln e^{100} - \ln 1 = 100-0 = 100$

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Example Question #52 : Asymptotic And Unbounded Behavior

Find $\int_{0}^{\pi} (\cos^{2}x+\sin^{2}x)dx$

Possible Answers:

$\pi$

$2\pi$

Correct answer:

$\pi$

Explanation:

This is most easily solved by recognizing that $\sin^{2}x+\cos^{2}x=1$ .

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Example Question #3 : Finding Definite Integrals

$\int_{\pi}^{2\pi}\sin(2x){\mathrm{d} x}=?$

Possible Answers:

$\pi$

$\frac{1}{2}$

Correct answer:

Explanation:

Remember the fundamental theorem of calculus!

$\int_{a}^{b}f(x){\mathrm{d} x}=\int f(b){\mathrm{d} x}-\int f(a){\mathrm{d} x}$

Since our $f(x)=\sin(2x)$ , we can't use the power rule. Instead we end up with:

$\int f(x){\mathrm{d} x}=\int \sin(2x){\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{-\cos(2x)}{2}+c$

Remember to include the + c for any anti-derivative or integral taken!

Now we can plug that equation into our FToC equation:

$\int_{a}^{b}f(x){\mathrm{d} x}=(\frac{-\cos(2b)}{2}+c)-(\frac{-\cos(2a)}{2}+c)$

Notice that the c's cancel out. Plug in the given values for a and b and solve:

$\int_{\pi}^{2\pi}f(x){\mathrm{d} x}=(\frac{-\cos(4\pi)}{2})-(\frac{-\cos(2\pi)}{2})$

$\int_{\pi}^{2\pi}f(x){\mathrm{d} x}=(\frac{-1}{2})-(\frac{-1}{2})$

$\int_{\pi}^{2\pi}f(x){\mathrm{d} x}=0$

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Example Question #61 : Asymptotic And Unbounded Behavior

$\int_{2}^{4}x^2{\mathrm{d} x}=?$

Possible Answers:

$5\tfrac{1}{2}$

$18\frac{2}{3}$

$22\tfrac{1}{3}$

$11\tfrac{3}{4}$

$28\tfrac{2}{3}$

Correct answer:

$18\frac{2}{3}$

Explanation:

Remember the fundamental theorem of calculus!

$\int_{a}^{b}f(x){\mathrm{d} x}=\int f(b){\mathrm{d} x}-\int f(a){\mathrm{d} x}$

Since our f(x)=x^2 , we can use the reverse power rule to find the indefinite integral or anti-derivative of our function:

$\int (x^2){\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{1}{3}x^3+c$

Remember to include the + c for any anti-derivative or integral taken!

Now we can plug that equation into our FToC equation:

$\int_{a}^{b}f(x){\mathrm{d} x}=(\frac{1}{3}b^3+c)-(\frac{1}{3}a^3+c)$

Notice that the c's cancel out. Plug in the given values for a and b and solve:

$\int_{2}^{4}f(x){\mathrm{d} x}=(\frac{1}{3}\cdot 4^3)-(\frac{1}{3}\cdot 8^3)$

$\int_{2}^{4}f(x){\mathrm{d} x}=(\frac{64}{3})-(\frac{8}{3})$

$\int_{2}^{4}f(x){\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{56}{3}=18\frac{2}{3}$

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Example Question #1 : Finding Definite Integrals

$\int_{1}^{2}\frac{1}{x}{\mathrm{d} x}=?$

Possible Answers:

0.81

1.2

0.75

0.30

0.69

Correct answer:

0.69

Explanation:

Remember the fundamental theorem of calculus!

$\int_{a}^{b}f(x){\mathrm{d} x}=\int f(b){\mathrm{d} x}-\int f(a){\mathrm{d} x}$

As it turns out, since our $f(x)=\frac{1}{x}$ , the power rule really doesn't help us. $\frac{1}{x}$ has a special anti derivative: $\ln{x}$ .

$\int \frac{1}{x}{\mathrm{d} x}=\ln{x}+c$

Remember to include the + c for any anti-derivative or integral taken!

Now we can plug that equation into our FToC equation:

$\int_{a}^{b}f(x){\mathrm{d} x}=(\ln{b}+c)-(\ln{a}+c)$

Notice that the c's cancel out. Plug in the given values for a and b and solve:

$\int_{1}^{2}f(x){\mathrm{d} x}=(\ln(2))-(\ln(1))$

$\int_{1}^{2}f(x){\mathrm{d} x}=(\ln(2))-(0)$

$\int_{1}^{2}f(x){\mathrm{d} x}\approx 0.69$

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High School Math : Calculus II — Integrals

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for High School Math

All High School Math Resources

Example Questions

Example Question #2171 : High School Math

Example Question #22 : Calculus Ii — Integrals

Example Question #1 : Finding First And Second Derivatives

Example Question #1231 : Ap Calculus Ab

Example Question #1 : Derivative Interpreted As An Instantaneous Rate Of Change

Example Question #1 : Integrals

Example Question #52 : Asymptotic And Unbounded Behavior

Example Question #3 : Finding Definite Integrals

Example Question #61 : Asymptotic And Unbounded Behavior

Example Question #1 : Finding Definite Integrals

All High School Math Resources

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