The nucleus accumbens has long since been considered a key anatomical structure in the body's reward and reinforcement system. It is one of the key producers and regulators of neural dopamine, and has been linked to several different addictive behaviors—including addictive reinforcement from food, sex, drugs, music, and maternal behavior. It is considered part of the "pleasure center" for the brain due to its release of reinforcing dopamine.  

The rCBF refers to the regional cerebral blood flow, a noninvasive procedure that detects broad patterns of neural activity based on increased flow to different brain areas. CAT scans, PET scans, and MRIs are all computerized scanning techniques but not specialized to test blood flow in the brain.

The hippocampus—located in the brain's temporal lobe—is the center for making, storing, and retrieving memories. Damage to this particular area is likely to result in difficulty with one or all of these memory-related processes.

Acetylcholine or aka ACH is the neurotransmitter that is released from the axon terminal to through the neuromuscular junction across the synaptic cleft.

Physiological testing (e.g. blood screenings, radiologic scans and hormonal level measures) have shown that in male primates including humans, cortisol and stress levels have a moderate positive correlation, whereas this correlation is weakly negative in females of the same species.

Remember that typical antipsychotics refer to the first generation of antipsychotics, while atypical antipsychotics refer to the second generation of antipsychotics. Both typical and atypical antipsychotics block dopamine pathways, but many atypical antipsychotics also block seratonin pathways. The other listed neurotransmitters are not associated with psychosis.

While SSRIs can be utilized to treat multiple disorders, it is primarily used in the treatment of depression. Depression is thought to be caused by low serotonin release, and SSRIs prevent the re-uptake and subsequent breakdown of serotonin. Antisocial Personality Disorder, previously known as Psychopathy, has no known treatment though group therapy can be utilized. ADHD is primarily treated with methylphenidates (ex. Ritalin) or amphetamines (ex. Adderall). BPD is treated with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). 

While each of the other options is involved in the release and/or inhibition of hormones (including the hypothalamus, which produces hormones that direct the rest of the endocrine system), the pons function as a relayer of messages from the cortex and the cerebellum.

Oxytocin and vasopressin receptors are more prevalent in prairie voles who have a pair-bond than in those who've yet to mate, indicating higher releases of those two neurotransmitters in monogamous prairie voles--prairie voles which are considered promiscuous, when does with both of these neurotransmitters, become monogamous.

This scenario is an example of a fight or flight response. Epinephrine is the only hormone listed here that is involved in this response. Another correct answer, not listed, would be norepinephrine. The other choices are incorrect. Acetylcholine is responsible for the "rest and digest" response. Dopamine is responsible for the body's reward system. Neostigmine is a drug that acts like acetylcholine. Last, estrogen is a female sex hormone.