“Primary memory” is another word for short-term memory. It can hold information for up to 30 seconds without manipulation. On the other hand, “working memory” is a form of short-term memory that involves manipulation of information. “Sensory memory” transmits visual or auditory messages into data that can be stored, and lasts a few seconds. “Remote memory” is a form of long-term memory that lasts two years or more. Last, “prospective memory” is memory associated with future events. 

Episodic memory is the conscious memory that deals with remembering personal life events. The only choice that could be described as a personal life event is "remembering that you got a bike for your 12th birthday."

"Echoic memory" is a component of sensory memory that retains auditory information for a limited amount of time. It is like a holding tank that keeps the sound unprocessed until it is heard again. At this time, the sound is turned into something meaningful. 

Both working and short term types of memory benefit from mnemonic devices, since mnemonic devices are specific aids to help the brain encode information from elementary forms of memory into long term memory. Memory aids are designed to strengthen working and short term memory in an effort to increase long term memory at a later stage.  

In cued recall, a person's retrieval of information is facilitated by the use of cues. This concept can be used effectively when studying for an exam. It can aid in the encoding and recall of information. The more cues, then the easier it is to effectively recall information.

"Flashbulb memories" are memories that are closely associated with events in a person's life that posses stronger emotional meanings such as emotionally charged events.

Interference, speed, and capacity have all been found to specifically limit or enhance encoding, retrieval, and storage failures while memories are processed. Sterling found that only 9 units, +/- 2, can be retained in short term memory: capacity. Other researchers have similarly found that interference can interrupt appropriate encoding, leading to encoding failures, while too fast or too slow speeds can affect primacy and/or recency effects. 

"Flashbulb memories" are memories that are closely associated with events in a person's life that posses stronger emotional meanings such as emotionally charged events.

The recency effect refers to a tendency to better recall the last items of a list, possibly because they are stored in a person's short-term memory; the primacy effect refers to a tendency to better recall the earliest items of a list, possibly because the person has had additional time to rehearse each one as it enters his/her long-term memory.

Generalization refers to the tendency for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to induce the conditioned response. For example, a dog’s owner rings a bell when he feeds his dog. Over successive occurrences, a dog might begin to salivate to bells of a slightly different timbre.