All GED Language Arts (RLA) Resources
Example Questions
Example Question #5 : Commas
Passage adapted from Little Women by Louisa May Alcott (1868)
Gardening, walks, rows on the river, and flower hunts employed the fine days, and for rainy ones, they had house diversions, some old, some new, all more, or less original. One of these was the `P.C', for as secret societies were the fashion, it was thought proper to have one, and as all of the girls admired Dickens, they called themselves the Pickwick Club. With a few interruptions, they had kept this up for a year, and met every Saturday evening in the big garret, on which occasions the ceremonies were as follows: Three chairs were arranged in a row before a table on which was a lamp, also four white badges, with a big `P.C.' in different colors on each, and the weekly newspaper called, The Pickwick Portfolio, to which all contributed something, while Jo, who reveled in pens and ink, was the editor. At seven o'clock, the four members ascended to the clubroom, tied their badges round their heads, and took their seats with great solemnity. Meg, as the eldest, was Samuel Pickwick, Jo, being of a literary turn, Augustus Snodgrass, Beth, because she was round and rosy, Tracy Tupman, and Amy, who was always trying to do what she couldn't, was Nathaniel Winkle. Pickwick, the president, read the paper, which was filled with original tales, poetry, local news, funny advertisements, and hints, in which they good-naturedly reminded each other of their faults and short comings. On one occasion, Mr. Pickwick put on a pair of spectacles without any glass, rapped upon the table, hemmed, and having stared hard at Mr. Snodgrass, who was tilting back in his chair, till he arranged himself properly, began to read:
Correct the bolded and underlined section of the passage.
they had house diversions some old some new all more or less original.
they had house diversions, some old some new, all more or less original.
they had house diversions, some old, some new, all more or less original.
(no change)
they had house diversions, some old, some new all more or less original.
they had house diversions, some old, some new, all more or less original.
A series of items in a sentence must have a comma between each item but in this series "more or less original" is considered one item even though there is an "or" in it. It is a common phrase that cannot be broken up by a comma.
Example Question #6 : Commas
Passage adapted from Little Women by Louisa May Alcott (1868)
Gardening, walks, rows on the river, and flower hunts employed the fine days, and for rainy ones, they had house diversions, some old, some new, all more, or less original. One of these was the `P.C', for as secret societies were the fashion, it was thought proper to have one; and as all of the girls admired Dickens, they called themselves the Pickwick Club. With a few interruptions, they had kept this up for a year, and met every Saturday evening in the big garret, on which occasions the ceremonies were as follows: Three chairs were arranged in a row before a table on which was a lamp, also four white badges, with a big `P.C.' in different colors on each, and the weekly newspaper called, The Pickwick Portfolio, to which all contributed something, while Jo, who reveled in pens and ink, was the editor. At seven o'clock, the four members ascended to the clubroom, tied their badges round their heads, and took their seats with great solemnity. Meg, as the eldest, was Samuel Pickwick, Jo, being of a literary turn, Augustus Snodgrass, Beth, because she was round and rosy, Tracy Tupman, and Amy, who was always trying to do what she couldn't, was Nathaniel Winkle. Pickwick, the president, read the paper, which was filled with original tales, poetry, local news, funny advertisements, and hints, in which they good-naturedly reminded each other of their faults and short comings. On one occasion, Mr. Pickwick put on a pair of spectacles without any glass, rapped upon the table, hemmed, and having stared hard at Mr. Snodgrass, who was tilting back in his chair, till he arranged himself properly, began to read:
Correct the bolded and underlined section of the passage.
One of these was the `P.C', for as secret societies were the fashion, it was thought proper to have one and as all of the girls admired Dickens, they called themselves the Pickwick Club.
(no change)
One of these was the `P.C', for as secret societies were the fashion, it was thought proper to have one, as all of the girls admired Dickens, they called themselves the Pickwick Club.
One of these was the `P.C', for as secret societies were the fashion; it was thought proper to have one, and as all of the girls admired Dickens, they called themselves the Pickwick Club.
One of these was the `P.C', for as secret societies were the fashion, it was thought proper to have one, and as all of the girls admired Dickens, they called themselves the Pickwick Club.
One of these was the `P.C', for as secret societies were the fashion, it was thought proper to have one, and as all of the girls admired Dickens, they called themselves the Pickwick Club.
"One of these was the 'P.C', for as secret societies were the fashion, it was thought proper to have one" and "as all of the girls admired Dickens, they called themselves the Pickwick Club" are both independent clauses, which means they can be stand alone sentences. When two independent clauses are linked together in a sentence, they require a semicolon or a conjunction with a comma. A semicolon can only be used if there are two independent clauses and no conjunction. The use of 'and' between "have one" and "as all" means that there must be a comma and not a semicolon.
Example Question #11 : Commas
Passage adapted from Little Women by Louisa May Alcott (1868)
Gardening, walks, rows on the river, and flower hunts employed the fine days, and for rainy ones, they had house diversions, some old, some new, all more or less original. One of these was the `P.C', for as secret societies were the fashion, it was thought proper to have one, and as all of the girls admired Dickens, they called herselves the Pickwick Club. With a few interruptions, they had kept this up for a year, and met every Saturday evening in the big garret, on which occasions the ceremonies were as follows: Three chairs were arranged in a row before a table on which was a lamp, also four white badges, with a big `P.C.' in different colors on each, and the weekly newspaper called, The Pickwick Portfolio, to which all contributed something, while Jo, who reveled in pens and ink, was the editor. At seven o'clock, the four members ascended to the clubroom, tied their badges round their heads, and took their seats with great solemnity. Meg, as the eldest, was Samuel Pickwick, Jo, being of a literary turn, Augustus Snodgrass, Beth, because she were round and rosy, Tracy Tupman, and Amy, who was always trying to do what she couldn't, was Nathaniel Winkle. Pickwick the president, read the paper, which was filled with original tales, poetry, local news, funny advertisements, and hints, in which they good-naturedly reminded each other of their faults and short comings. On one occasion, Mr. Pickwick put on a pair of spectacles without any glass, rapped upon the table, hemmed, and having stared hard at Mr. Snodgrass, who was tilting back in his chair, till he arranged himself properly, began to read:
Correct the bolded and underlined section of the passage.
Pickwick, the president read the paper
(no change)
Pickwick: the president, read the paper
Pickwick, the president, read the paper
Pickwick the president read the paper
Pickwick, the president, read the paper
Commas are used to separate nonessential words or clauses. "The president" is considered nonessential. It is important information but it is non essential for the sentence to be considered a complete sentence.
Example Question #221 : Ged Language Arts (Rla)
Passage adapted from Little Women by Louisa May Alcott (1868)
Gardening, walks, rows on the river, and flower hunts employed the fine days, and for rainy ones, they had house diversions, some old, some new, all more or less original. One of these was the `P.C', for as secret societies were the fashion, it was thought proper to have one, and as all of the girls admired Dickens, they called themselves the Pickwick Club. With a few interruptions, they had kept this up for a year, and met every Saturday evening in the big garret, on which occasions the ceremonies were as follows: Three chairs were arranged in a row before a table on which was a lamp, also four white badges, with a big `P.C.' in different colors on each, and the weekly newspaper called, The Pickwick Portfolio, to which all contributed something, while Jo, who reveled in pens and ink, was the editor. At seven o'clock, the four members ascended to the clubroom, tied their badges round their heads, and took their seats with great solemnity. Meg, as the eldest, was Samuel Pickwick, Jo, being of a literary turn, Augustus Snodgrass, Beth, because she was round and rosy, Tracy Tupman, and Amy, who was always trying to do what she couldn't, was Nathaniel Winkle. Pickwick, the president, read the paper, which was filled with original tales, poetry, local news, funny advertisements, and hints, in which they good-naturedly reminded each other of their faults and short comings. On one occasion, Mr. Pickwick put on a pair of spectacles without any glass, rapped upon the table, hemmed, and having stared hard at Mr. Snodgrass, who was tilting back in his chair, till he arranged himself properly, began to read:
Why is a comma needed after the word "interruptions" in the bolded and underlined section?
It is an introductory clause
It is the start of a comma sandwich
None of these
There shouldn't be a comma there
It is a logical point for a breath
It is an introductory clause
With few interruptions is considered an introductory clause. It is not necessary to make the sentence complete making it nonessential information and therefore requires a comma after it.
Example Question #12 : Commas
Nina was wondering if, after the doctor’s appointment, she will have time to stop by the design studio?
appointment she will have time to stop by the farmers market?
(no change)
appointment, she will have time: to stop by the farmers market?
appointment: will she have time to stop by the farmers market?
appointment, she will have time to stop by the farmers market.
appointment, she will have time to stop by the farmers market.
Here, the sentence is providing declarative information about Nina (“she is wondering”) and not actually asking a question (“is she wondering?”). Even though the sentence is expressing uncertainty, it is not an interrogative sentence and therefore should not have a question mark. Because “after the doctor’s appointment is a parenthetical clause, it needs a comma both before and after it. Adding a period to the end of this sentence is therefore the only necessary change.
Example Question #13 : Commas
Being an excellent swimmer Alicia was often frustrated with her teammates’ sloppy strokes and haphazard diving technique.
(no change)
Being an excellent swimmer — Alicia was often frustrated — with her teammates’ sloppy strokes and haphazard diving technique.
Being an excellent swimmer Alicia was often frustrated with her teammates’ sloppy strokes, and haphazard diving technique.
Being an excellent swimmer, Alicia, was often frustrated with her teammates’ sloppy strokes and haphazard diving technique.
Being an excellent swimmer, Alicia was often frustrated with her teammates’ sloppy strokes and haphazard diving technique.
Being an excellent swimmer, Alicia was often frustrated with her teammates’ sloppy strokes and haphazard diving technique.
“Being an excellent swimmer” is an introductory clause and a modifier that describes “Alicia,” so a comma is needed to separate the two. Because the conjunction “and” is not separating two independent clauses, no comma is necessary there. (Note also the correct use of the plural possessive with “teammates’.”)
Example Question #222 : Ged Language Arts (Rla)
Aidan, Jack, and their aunt, Maria, spent nearly half an hour trying to find their car in the parking lot.
Aidan, Jack, and their aunt Maria,
Aidan, Jack and their aunt Maria,
Aidan, Jack, and their aunt, Maria;
None of these other choices
(no change)
(no change)
Here, the list of people is punctuated correctly. There should be a comma between each person on the list and an additional comma on either side of “Maria,” as that’s a modifier for “their aunt.” In other words, no changes are necessary.
Example Question #223 : Ged Language Arts (Rla)
Although I enjoy gardening with you I have to work on my dissertation instead.
Although I enjoy gardening with you; I have to work on my dissertation, instead.
Although I enjoy gardening with you I have to work on my dissertation, instead.
Although I enjoy gardening with you, I have to work on my dissertation, instead.
(no change)
Although I enjoy gardening with you, I have to work on my dissertation instead.
Although I enjoy gardening with you, I have to work on my dissertation instead.
“Although I enjoy gardening with you” is a dependent clause, which means that it must be separated from the independent clause (“I have to work on my dissertation instead”) with a comma. A semicolon is generally only used to separate two independent clauses. No comma is needed between “dissertation” and “instead,” either.
Example Question #16 : Commas
Wherever he goes, Todd can’t seem to find a partner, who will make him truly happy.
Wherever he goes, Todd, can’t seem to find a partner who will make him truly happy.
Wherever he goes Todd can’t seem to find a partner; who will make him truly happy.
(no change)
Wherever he goes, Todd can’t seem to find a partner who will make him truly happy.
Wherever he goes Todd can’t seem to find a partner who will make him truly happy.
Wherever he goes, Todd can’t seem to find a partner who will make him truly happy.
“Wherever he goes” is a dependent clause, so it must be separated from the independent clause (“Todd can’t seem to find a partner who will make him truly happy”). However, no comma is necessary between “partner” and “who” because “who will make him truly happy” is an integral part of the independent clause. In other words, Todd may be able to find a partner anywhere he goes; he just can’t find one to make him happy.
Example Question #17 : Commas
By the end of the movie, it was clear that Liliana had not enjoyed the acting, indeed, she complained about it all the way home.
By the end of the movie, it was clear that Liliana had not enjoyed the acting; indeed
By the end of the movie it was clear that Liliana had not enjoyed the acting, indeed
By the end of the movie, it was clear that Liliana had not enjoyed the acting; indeed,
(no change)
By the end of the movie it was clear that Liliana had not enjoyed the acting; indeed,
By the end of the movie, it was clear that Liliana had not enjoyed the acting; indeed,
Here, “By the end of the movie” is an introductory phrase, so it must be followed by a comma. Additionally, since “By the end of the movie, it was clear that Liliana had not enjoyed the acting” and “she complained about it all the way home” are both independent clauses, they must be separated by a semicolon and not a comma. Finally, “indeed” is an introductory clause for the second half of the sentence, so the word requires a comma after it.
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