Common Core: High School - Statistics and Probability : Interpreting Categorical & Quantitative Data

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for Common Core: High School - Statistics and Probability

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All Common Core: High School - Statistics and Probability Resources

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Example Questions

Example Question #11 : Interpret Slope And Intercept Of A Linear Model: Ccss.Math.Content.Hss Id.C.7

Identify the slope of the following line:

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

This question asks us to analyze the constituent components of a linear equation written in the slope-intercept formula:

This formula provides information about two key parts of a line: the slope and y-intercept.

The slope is commonly defined as rise over run. In other words, it is the change in y-values across points divided by the change in x-values. It is calculated using the following formula:

In this formula, the x- and y-values come from two points from the line written in the following format:

It is important to note that slopes can be positive or negative. A positive slope moves upward from left to right while a negative slope moves downward.

Now, lets solve the problem. We will start by identifying two points on the line.

These two points are:

Now, substitute these numbers into the slope formula.

The slope is positive because the line moves upward from left to right.

We have calculated that the slope of the equation is 3 We can also calculate the slope by using the traditional 'rise over run' definition. If we count blocks on the graph, then we can see that for every 12 blocks that it 'rises', it 'runs' 4 blocks. In other words, the slope increases one block in the x-direction as it increases 3 block in the y-direction; therefore, the slope is 3 (see figure below)

Plot11.2

Example Question #1 : Compute And Interpret The Correlation Coefficient Of A Linear Fit: Ccss.Math.Content.Hss Id.C.8

Which of the following graphs possesses a correlation coefficient indicative of a random distribution?

Possible Answers:

Positive strong

Positive moderate

Negative weak

Negative strong

Random

Correct answer:

Random

Explanation:

In order to solve this problem, we need to understand several key concepts associated with correlations. First, let's discuss what is meant by the term "correlation." A correlation exists when two variables possess a statistical relationship with one another. It is important to note that correlation in no way relates to causation. Causation implies that one variable causes change in the other, while correlation simply denotes the observation of a trend between two variables.

Second, let's observe the differences between slope and the correlation coefficient. The correlation coefficient is denoted by the following variable:

It is mathematically defined as a goodness of fit measure that is calculated by dividing the covariance of the samples by the product of the sample's standard deviations. This is also known as Pearson's r and it describes the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables. On the other hand, the slope is described as the gradient of a line and is key component of the slope-intercept formula:

This formula provides information about two key parts of a line: the slope and y-intercept.

The slope is commonly defined as rise over run. In other words it is the change in y-values across points divided by the change in x-values. It is calculated using the following formula:

In this formula, the x and y-values come from two points from the line written in the following format: 

It is important to note that slopes can be positive or negative. A positive slope moves upward from left to right while a negative slope moves downward. Even though the correlation coefficient will share the same sign as the slope, they mean entirely different things.

We have discussed the following distinctions: the differences between what is meant correlation and causation as well as the differences between the correlation coefficient and the slope. Now, we can start to solve the problem. 

First, lets learn how calculate the correlation coefficient from coefficient of determination. The coefficient of determination is denoted by the following:

We can calculate the correlation coefficient by taking the square root of the coefficient of determination:

After we calculate the correlation coefficient, we need to know how to evaluate what the number means. We can pick the sign based on the position of the trendline or slope. If the slope is negative, then the trendline travels downward from the left to the right of the graph. On the other hand, if the slope is positive then the trendline travels upwards from the left to the right side of the graph. Below is a table of values that explains the relationships between points based upon the correlation coefficient. A correlation coefficient close to zero indicates a random distribution.

Screen shot 2016 01 18 at 1.41.50 pm

We will start solving this problem by picking out the graph with obvious positive or negative trends and excluding them. The following two graphs possess a positive and moderately positive trendline, respectively:

Positive strong

Positive moderate

Two other graphs possess a negative and slightly negative trendline, respectively:

Negative strong

Negative weak

Last, one graph has a near horizontal trendline, which is indicative of a random distribution:

Random

This graph possesses a trendline with the following coefficient of determination:

We must take the square root of this measure calculated using statistical technology (this standard does not require you to calculate the correlation coefficient, only to interpret it).

This trendline's correlation coefficient is most indicative of a random distribution.

Example Question #1 : Compute And Interpret The Correlation Coefficient Of A Linear Fit: Ccss.Math.Content.Hss Id.C.8

Which of the following graphs possesses an correlation coefficient indicative of a random distribution?

Possible Answers:

Random

Negative strong

Positive moderate

Negative weak

Positive strong

Correct answer:

Random

Explanation:

In order to solve this problem, we need to understand several key concepts associated with correlations. First, let's discuss what is meant by the term "correlation." A correlation exists when two variables possess a statistical relationship with one another. It is important to note that correlation in no way relates to causation. Causation implies that one variable causes change in the other, while correlation simply denotes the observation of a trend between two variables.

Second, let's observe the differences between slope and the correlation coefficient. The correlation coefficient is denoted by the following variable.

It is mathematically defined as a goodness of fit measure that is calculated by dividing the covariance of the samples by the product of the sample's standard deviations. This is also known as Pearson's r and it describes the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables. On the other hand, the slope is described as the gradient of a line and is key component of the slope intercept formula:

This formula provides information about two key parts of a line: the slope and y-intercept.

The slope is commonly defined as rise over run. In other words it is the change in y-values across points divided by the change in x-values. It is calculated using the following formula:

In this formula, the x and y-values come from two points from the line written in the following format: 

It is important to note that slopes can be positive or negative. A positive slope moves upward from left to right while a negative slope moves downward. Even though the correlation coefficient will share the same sign as the slope, they mean entirely different things.

We have discussed the following distinctions: the differences between what is meant correlation and causation as well as the differences between the correlation coefficient and the slope. Now, we can start to solve the problem. 

First, lets learn how calculate the correlation coefficient from coefficient of determination. The coefficient of determination is denoted by the following:

We can calculate the correlation coefficient by taking the square root of the coefficient of determination:

After we calculate the correlation coefficient, we need to know how to evaluate what the number means. We can pick the sign based on the position of the trendline or slope. If the slope is negative then the trendline travels downward from the left to the right of the graph. On the other hand, if the slope is positive then the trendline travels upwards from the left to the right side of the graph. Below is a table of values that explains the relationships between points based upon the correlation coefficient. A correlation coefficient close to zero indicates a random distribution.

Screen shot 2016 01 18 at 1.41.50 pm

We start to solve this problem by picking out the graph with obvious positive or negative trends and excluding them. The following two graphs possess a positive and moderately positive trendline, respectively:

Positive strong

Positive moderate

Two other graphs possess a negative and slightly negative trendline, respectively:

Negative strong

Negative weak

Last, one graph has a near horizontal line, which is indicative of a random distribution:

Random

This graph possesses a trendline with the following coefficient of determination:

We must take the square root of this measure calculated using statistical technology (this standard does not require you to calculate the correlation coefficient, only to interpret it).

This trendline's correlation coefficient is most indicative of a random distribution. 

Example Question #1 : Compute And Interpret The Correlation Coefficient Of A Linear Fit: Ccss.Math.Content.Hss Id.C.8

Which of the following graphs possesses a correlation coefficient indicative of a random distribution?

Possible Answers:

Plot9.2

Plot9.3

Plot9.4

Plot9.1

Plot9.5

Correct answer:

Plot9.5

Explanation:

In order to solve this problem, we need to understand several key concepts associated with correlations. First, let's discuss what is meant by the term "correlation." A correlation exists when two variables possess a statistical relationship with one another. It is important to note that correlation in no way relates to causation. Causation implies that one variable causes change in the other, while correlation simply denotes the observation of a trend between two variables.

Second, let's observe the differences between slope and the correlation coefficient. The correlation coefficient is denoted by the following variable.

It is mathematically defined as a goodness of fit measure that is calculated by dividing the covariance of the samples by the product of the sample's standard deviations. This is also known as Pearson's r and it describes the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables. On the other hand, the slope is described as the gradient of a line and is key component of the slope intercept formula:

This formula provides information about two key parts of a line: the slope and y-intercept.

The slope is commonly defined as rise over run. In other words it is the change in y-values across points divided by the change in x-values. It is calculated using the following formula:

In this formula, the x and y-values come from two points from the line written in the following format: 

It is important to note that slopes can be positive or negative. A positive slope moves upward from left to right while a negative slope moves downward. Even though the correlation coefficient will share the same sign as the slope, they mean entirely different things.

We have discussed the following distinctions: the differences between what is meant correlation and causation as well as the differences between the correlation coefficient and the slope. Now, we can start to solve the problem. 

First, lets learn how calculate the correlation coefficient from coefficient of determination. The coefficient of determination is denoted by the following:

We can calculate the correlation coefficient by taking the square root of the coefficient of determination:

After we calculate the correlation coefficient, we need to know how to evaluate what the number means. We can pick the sign based on the position of the trendline or slope. If the slope is negative then the trendline travels downward from the left to the right of the graph. On the other hand, if the slope is positive then the trendline travels upwards from the left to the right side of the graph. Below is a table of values that explains the relationships between points based upon the correlation coefficient. A correlation coefficient close to zero indicates a random distribution.

Screen shot 2016 01 18 at 1.41.50 pm

We will start solving this problem by picking out the graph with obvious positive or negative trends and excluding them.

Plot9.1

Plot9.2

Plot9.3

The last, two graph's have a near horizontal trendline, which is indicative of a random distribution:

Plot9.4

Plot9.5

This graph possesses a trendline with the following coefficient of determination:

We must take the square root of this measure calculated using statistical technology (this standard does not require you to calculate the correlation coefficient, only to interpret it).

This trendline's correlation coefficient is most indicative of a random distribution.

Correct Answer: INSERT plot9.5.png

Wrong Answer 1: INSERT plot9.4.png

Wrong Answer 2: INSERT plot9.3.png

Wrong Answer 3: INSERT plot9.2.png

Wrong Answer 4: INSERT plot9.1.png

Example Question #171 : Interpreting Categorical & Quantitative Data

Which of the following graphs possesses a correlation coefficient indicative of a random distribution?

Possible Answers:

Plot2.5

Plot2.2

Plot2.4

Plot2.3

Plot2.1

Correct answer:

Plot2.5

Explanation:

In order to solve this problem, we need to understand several key concepts associated with correlations. First, let's discuss what is meant by the term "correlation." A correlation exists when two variables possess a statistical relationship with one another. It is important to note that correlation in no way relates to causation. Causation implies that one variable causes change in the other, while correlation simply denotes the observation of a trend between two variables.

Second, let's observe the differences between slope and the correlation coefficient. The correlation coefficient is denoted by the following variable.

It is mathematically defined as a goodness of fit measure that is calculated by dividing the covariance of the samples by the product of the sample's standard deviations. This is also known as Pearson's r and it describes the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables. On the other hand, the slope is described as the gradient of a line and is key component of the slope intercept formula:

This formula provides information about two key parts of a line: the slope and y-intercept.

The slope is commonly defined as rise over run. In other words it is the change in y-values across points divided by the change in x-values. It is calculated using the following formula:

In this formula, the x and y-values come from two points from the line written in the following format: 

It is important to note that slopes can be positive or negative. A positive slope moves upward from left to right while a negative slope moves downward. Even though the correlation coefficient will share the same sign as the slope, they mean entirely different things.

We have discussed the following distinctions: the differences between what is meant correlation and causation as well as the differences between the correlation coefficient and the slope. Now, we can start to solve the problem. 

First, lets learn how calculate the correlation coefficient from coefficient of determination. The coefficient of determination is denoted by the following:

We can calculate the correlation coefficient by taking the square root of the coefficient of determination:

After we calculate the correlation coefficient, we need to know how to evaluate what the number means. We can pick the sign based on the position of the trendline or slope. If the slope is negative then the trendline travels downward from the left to the right of the graph. On the other hand, if the slope is positive then the trendline travels upwards from the left to the right side of the graph. Below is a table of values that explains the relationships between points based upon the correlation coefficient. A correlation coefficient close to zero indicates a random distribution.

Screen shot 2016 01 18 at 1.41.50 pm

We will start solving this problem by picking out the graph with obvious positive or negative trends and excluding them.

Plot2.1

Plot2.2

Plot2.3

The last, two graph's have a near horizontal trendline, which is indicative of a random distribution:

Plot2.4

Plot2.5

This graph possesses a trendline with the following coefficient of determination:

We must take the square root of this measure calculated using statistical technology (this standard does not require you to calculate the correlation coefficient, only to interpret it).

This trendline's correlation coefficient is most indicative of a random distribution.

 

 

Example Question #172 : Interpreting Categorical & Quantitative Data


Which of the following graphs possesses a correlation coefficient indicative of a random distribution?

Possible Answers:

Plot3.3

Plot3.1

Plot3.4

Plot3.5

Plot3.2

Correct answer:

Plot3.5

Explanation:

In order to solve this problem, we need to understand several key concepts associated with correlations. First, let's discuss what is meant by the term "correlation." A correlation exists when two variables possess a statistical relationship with one another. It is important to note that correlation in no way relates to causation. Causation implies that one variable causes change in the other, while correlation simply denotes the observation of a trend between two variables.

Second, let's observe the differences between slope and the correlation coefficient. The correlation coefficient is denoted by the following variable.

It is mathematically defined as a goodness of fit measure that is calculated by dividing the covariance of the samples by the product of the sample's standard deviations. This is also known as Pearson's r and it describes the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables. On the other hand, the slope is described as the gradient of a line and is key component of the slope intercept formula:

This formula provides information about two key parts of a line: the slope and y-intercept.

The slope is commonly defined as rise over run. In other words it is the change in y-values across points divided by the change in x-values. It is calculated using the following formula:

In this formula, the x and y-values come from two points from the line written in the following format: 

It is important to note that slopes can be positive or negative. A positive slope moves upward from left to right while a negative slope moves downward. Even though the correlation coefficient will share the same sign as the slope, they mean entirely different things.

We have discussed the following distinctions: the differences between what is meant correlation and causation as well as the differences between the correlation coefficient and the slope. Now, we can start to solve the problem. 

First, lets learn how calculate the correlation coefficient from coefficient of determination. The coefficient of determination is denoted by the following:

We can calculate the correlation coefficient by taking the square root of the coefficient of determination:

After we calculate the correlation coefficient, we need to know how to evaluate what the number means. We can pick the sign based on the position of the trendline or slope. If the slope is negative then the trendline travels downward from the left to the right of the graph. On the other hand, if the slope is positive then the trendline travels upwards from the left to the right side of the graph. Below is a table of values that explains the relationships between points based upon the correlation coefficient. A correlation coefficient close to zero indicates a random distribution.

Screen shot 2016 01 18 at 1.41.50 pm

We will start solving this problem by picking out the graph with obvious positive or negative trends and excluding them.

Plot3.1

Plot3.2


Plot3.3

The last, two graph's have a near horizontal trendline, which is indicative of a random distribution:

Plot3.4

Plot3.5

 

This graph possesses a trendline with the following coefficient of determination:

We must take the square root of this measure calculated using statistical technology (this standard does not require you to calculate the correlation coefficient, only to interpret it).

This trendline's correlation coefficient is most indicative of a random distribution.

 

Example Question #3 : Compute And Interpret The Correlation Coefficient Of A Linear Fit: Ccss.Math.Content.Hss Id.C.8

Which of the following graphs possesses a correlation coefficient indicative of a random distribution?

Possible Answers:

Plot4.3

Plot4.4

Plot4.5

Plot4.1

Plot4.2

Correct answer:

Plot4.5

Explanation:

In order to solve this problem, we need to understand several key concepts associated with correlations. First, let's discuss what is meant by the term "correlation." A correlation exists when two variables possess a statistical relationship with one another. It is important to note that correlation in no way relates to causation. Causation implies that one variable causes change in the other, while correlation simply denotes the observation of a trend between two variables.

Second, let's observe the differences between slope and the correlation coefficient. The correlation coefficient is denoted by the following variable.

It is mathematically defined as a goodness of fit measure that is calculated by dividing the covariance of the samples by the product of the sample's standard deviations. This is also known as Pearson's r and it describes the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables. On the other hand, the slope is described as the gradient of a line and is key component of the slope intercept formula:

This formula provides information about two key parts of a line: the slope and y-intercept.

The slope is commonly defined as rise over run. In other words it is the change in y-values across points divided by the change in x-values. It is calculated using the following formula:

In this formula, the x and y-values come from two points from the line written in the following format: 

It is important to note that slopes can be positive or negative. A positive slope moves upward from left to right while a negative slope moves downward. Even though the correlation coefficient will share the same sign as the slope, they mean entirely different things.

We have discussed the following distinctions: the differences between what is meant correlation and causation as well as the differences between the correlation coefficient and the slope. Now, we can start to solve the problem. 

First, lets learn how calculate the correlation coefficient from coefficient of determination. The coefficient of determination is denoted by the following:

We can calculate the correlation coefficient by taking the square root of the coefficient of determination:

After we calculate the correlation coefficient, we need to know how to evaluate what the number means. We can pick the sign based on the position of the trendline or slope. If the slope is negative then the trendline travels downward from the left to the right of the graph. On the other hand, if the slope is positive then the trendline travels upwards from the left to the right side of the graph. Below is a table of values that explains the relationships between points based upon the correlation coefficient. A correlation coefficient close to zero indicates a random distribution.

Screen shot 2016 01 18 at 1.41.50 pm

We will start solving this problem by picking out the graph with obvious positive or negative trends and excluding them.

Plot4.1

Plot4.2

Plot4.3

The last, two graph's have a near horizontal trendline, which is indicative of a random distribution:

Plot4.4

Plot4.5

This graph possesses a trendline with the following coefficient of determination:

We must take the square root of this measure calculated using statistical technology (this standard does not require you to calculate the correlation coefficient, only to interpret it).

This trendline's correlation coefficient is most indicative of a random distribution.

 

Example Question #4 : Compute And Interpret The Correlation Coefficient Of A Linear Fit: Ccss.Math.Content.Hss Id.C.8

Which of the following graphs possesses a correlation coefficient indicative of a random distribution?

Possible Answers:

Plot5.4

Plot5.5

Plot5.1

Plot5.3

Plot5.2

Correct answer:

Plot5.5

Explanation:

In order to solve this problem, we need to understand several key concepts associated with correlations. First, let's discuss what is meant by the term "correlation." A correlation exists when two variables possess a statistical relationship with one another. It is important to note that correlation in no way relates to causation. Causation implies that one variable causes change in the other, while correlation simply denotes the observation of a trend between two variables.

Second, let's observe the differences between slope and the correlation coefficient. The correlation coefficient is denoted by the following variable.

It is mathematically defined as a goodness of fit measure that is calculated by dividing the covariance of the samples by the product of the sample's standard deviations. This is also known as Pearson's r and it describes the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables. On the other hand, the slope is described as the gradient of a line and is key component of the slope intercept formula:

This formula provides information about two key parts of a line: the slope and y-intercept.

The slope is commonly defined as rise over run. In other words it is the change in y-values across points divided by the change in x-values. It is calculated using the following formula:

In this formula, the x and y-values come from two points from the line written in the following format: 

It is important to note that slopes can be positive or negative. A positive slope moves upward from left to right while a negative slope moves downward. Even though the correlation coefficient will share the same sign as the slope, they mean entirely different things.

We have discussed the following distinctions: the differences between what is meant correlation and causation as well as the differences between the correlation coefficient and the slope. Now, we can start to solve the problem. 

First, lets learn how calculate the correlation coefficient from coefficient of determination. The coefficient of determination is denoted by the following:

We can calculate the correlation coefficient by taking the square root of the coefficient of determination:

After we calculate the correlation coefficient, we need to know how to evaluate what the number means. We can pick the sign based on the position of the trendline or slope. If the slope is negative then the trendline travels downward from the left to the right of the graph. On the other hand, if the slope is positive then the trendline travels upwards from the left to the right side of the graph. Below is a table of values that explains the relationships between points based upon the correlation coefficient. A correlation coefficient close to zero indicates a random distribution.

Screen shot 2016 01 18 at 1.41.50 pm

We will start solving this problem by picking out the graph with obvious positive or negative trends and excluding them.

Plot5.1

Plot5.2

Plot5.3

The last, two graph's have a near horizontal trendline, which is indicative of a random distribution:

Plot5.4

Plot5.5

This graph possesses a trendline with the following coefficient of determination:

We must take the square root of this measure calculated using statistical technology (this standard does not require you to calculate the correlation coefficient, only to interpret it).

This trendline's correlation coefficient is most indicative of a random distribution.

 

 

Example Question #5 : Compute And Interpret The Correlation Coefficient Of A Linear Fit: Ccss.Math.Content.Hss Id.C.8

Which of the following graphs possesses a correlation coefficient indicative of a random distribution?

Possible Answers:

Plot6.2

Plot6.4

Plot6.1

Plot6.5

Plot6.3

Correct answer:

Plot6.5

Explanation:

In order to solve this problem, we need to understand several key concepts associated with correlations. First, let's discuss what is meant by the term "correlation." A correlation exists when two variables possess a statistical relationship with one another. It is important to note that correlation in no way relates to causation. Causation implies that one variable causes change in the other, while correlation simply denotes the observation of a trend between two variables.

Second, let's observe the differences between slope and the correlation coefficient. The correlation coefficient is denoted by the following variable.

It is mathematically defined as a goodness of fit measure that is calculated by dividing the covariance of the samples by the product of the sample's standard deviations. This is also known as Pearson's r and it describes the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables. On the other hand, the slope is described as the gradient of a line and is key component of the slope intercept formula:

This formula provides information about two key parts of a line: the slope and y-intercept.

The slope is commonly defined as rise over run. In other words it is the change in y-values across points divided by the change in x-values. It is calculated using the following formula:

In this formula, the x and y-values come from two points from the line written in the following format: 

It is important to note that slopes can be positive or negative. A positive slope moves upward from left to right while a negative slope moves downward. Even though the correlation coefficient will share the same sign as the slope, they mean entirely different things.

We have discussed the following distinctions: the differences between what is meant correlation and causation as well as the differences between the correlation coefficient and the slope. Now, we can start to solve the problem. 

First, lets learn how calculate the correlation coefficient from coefficient of determination. The coefficient of determination is denoted by the following:

We can calculate the correlation coefficient by taking the square root of the coefficient of determination:

After we calculate the correlation coefficient, we need to know how to evaluate what the number means. We can pick the sign based on the position of the trendline or slope. If the slope is negative then the trendline travels downward from the left to the right of the graph. On the other hand, if the slope is positive then the trendline travels upwards from the left to the right side of the graph. Below is a table of values that explains the relationships between points based upon the correlation coefficient. A correlation coefficient close to zero indicates a random distribution.

Screen shot 2016 01 18 at 1.41.50 pm

We will start solving this problem by picking out the graph with obvious positive or negative trends and excluding them.

Plot6.1

Plot6.2

Plot6.3

The last, two graph's have a near horizontal trendline, which is indicative of a random distribution:

Plot6.4

Plot6.5

This graph possesses a trendline with the following coefficient of determination:

We must take the square root of this measure calculated using statistical technology (this standard does not require you to calculate the correlation coefficient, only to interpret it).

This trendline's correlation coefficient is most indicative of a random distribution.

 

Example Question #172 : Interpreting Categorical & Quantitative Data

Which of the following graphs possesses a correlation coefficient indicative of a random distribution?

Possible Answers:

Plot7.1

Plot7.4

Plot7.5

Plot7.2

Plot7.3

Correct answer:

Plot7.5

Explanation:

In order to solve this problem, we need to understand several key concepts associated with correlations. First, let's discuss what is meant by the term "correlation." A correlation exists when two variables possess a statistical relationship with one another. It is important to note that correlation in no way relates to causation. Causation implies that one variable causes change in the other, while correlation simply denotes the observation of a trend between two variables.

Second, let's observe the differences between slope and the correlation coefficient. The correlation coefficient is denoted by the following variable.

It is mathematically defined as a goodness of fit measure that is calculated by dividing the covariance of the samples by the product of the sample's standard deviations. This is also known as Pearson's r and it describes the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables. On the other hand, the slope is described as the gradient of a line and is key component of the slope intercept formula:

This formula provides information about two key parts of a line: the slope and y-intercept.

The slope is commonly defined as rise over run. In other words it is the change in y-values across points divided by the change in x-values. It is calculated using the following formula:

In this formula, the x and y-values come from two points from the line written in the following format: 

It is important to note that slopes can be positive or negative. A positive slope moves upward from left to right while a negative slope moves downward. Even though the correlation coefficient will share the same sign as the slope, they mean entirely different things.

We have discussed the following distinctions: the differences between what is meant correlation and causation as well as the differences between the correlation coefficient and the slope. Now, we can start to solve the problem. 

First, lets learn how calculate the correlation coefficient from coefficient of determination. The coefficient of determination is denoted by the following:

We can calculate the correlation coefficient by taking the square root of the coefficient of determination:

After we calculate the correlation coefficient, we need to know how to evaluate what the number means. We can pick the sign based on the position of the trendline or slope. If the slope is negative then the trendline travels downward from the left to the right of the graph. On the other hand, if the slope is positive then the trendline travels upwards from the left to the right side of the graph. Below is a table of values that explains the relationships between points based upon the correlation coefficient. A correlation coefficient close to zero indicates a random distribution.

Screen shot 2016 01 18 at 1.41.50 pm

We will start solving this problem by picking out the graph with obvious positive or negative trends and excluding them. 

Plot7.1

Plot7.2

Plot7.3

The last, two graph's have a near horizontal trendline, which is indicative of a random distribution:

Plot7.4

Plot7.5

This graph possesses a trendline with the following coefficient of determination:

We must take the square root of this measure calculated using statistical technology (this standard does not require you to calculate the correlation coefficient, only to interpret it).

This trendline's correlation coefficient is most indicative of a random distribution.

 

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