Common Core: 8th Grade Math : Statistics & Probability

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for Common Core: 8th Grade Math

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Example Questions

Example Question #1 : Drawing Conclusions From Graphs & Tables

A school principal conducted a statistical experiment to determine the relationship between  and the number of hours spent studying each week. In this study, the principal assigned the number of hours spent studying as the independent variable, and the  was assigned as the dependent variable. He plotted his results on a scatter plot. If the results follow a linear relationship, what is a reasonable conclusion that could be found based these results? 

Possible Answers:

A slope of 

An undefined slope 

A positive slope

A negative slope

Correct answer:

A positive slope

Explanation:

We know, from attending school ourselves, that completing homework assignments and studying for quizzes and tests means that we will do better in school than if we didn't do those things. Completing homework and studying for tests takes time outside of school. Normally, the harder you study and the more time you spend studying, the more likely you are to do well in school. If you don't study at all, nor spend anytime completing homework assignments, your school grade will likely be lower than if you had spent time preparing and completing assignments; thus, we can conclude that the more time we spend studying, the higher our  will be. As the number of hours studied increases, the  will increase; thus, the best fit line will have a positive slope. 

 

Example Question #231 : Data Analysis

A school principal conducted a statistical experiment to determine the relationship between  and the number of hours spent studying each week. In this study, the principal assigned the number of hours spent studying as the independent variable, and the  was assigned as the dependent variable. The principal drew a line of best fit and found the  to be . What does this mean? 

Possible Answers:

Every  studying increases a student's 

Every week of studying increased a student's  by 

The average student  is 

A student who studied  hours per week received an average  of 

Correct answer:

A student who studied  hours per week received an average  of 

Explanation:

The question tells us that the hours spent per week studying is the independent variable, or the , and the  is the dependent variable, or the 

The  is when ; thus, when a student spends zero hours studying their average  is 

Example Question #1 : Use Data To Construct And Interpret A Two Way Table: Ccss.Math.Content.8.Sp.A.4

A teacher at a high school conducted a survey of seniors and found that  students owned a laptop and  of those students also had a car. There were  students that did not have a laptop, but owned a car. Last, they found that  students did not own a laptop nor a car. Given this information, how many students had a laptop, but did not own a car? 

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

To help answer this question, we can construct a two-way table and fill in our known quantities from the question.

The columns of the table will represent the students who have a laptop or do not have a laptop and the rows will contain the students who have a car or do not have a car. The first bit of information that we were given from the question was that  students had a laptop; therefore,  needs to go in the "laptop" column as the row total. Next, we were told that of those students,  owned a car; therefore, we need to put  in the "laptop" column and in the "car" row. Then, we were told that  students do not own a laptop, but own a car, so we need to put  in the "no laptop" column and the "car" row. Finally, we were told that  students do not have a laptop or a car, so  needs to go in the "no laptop" column and "no car" row. If done correctly, you should create a table similar to the following: 

Screen shot 2016 03 25 at 10.07.17 am

Our question asked how many students have a laptop, but do not own have a car. We can take the total number of students that own a lap top, , and subtract the number of students who have a car, 

This means that  students who have a laptop, don't have a car. 

Example Question #1 : Completing Incomplete Tables

A teacher at a high school conducted a survey of seniors and found that  students owned a laptop and  of those students also had a car. There were  students that did not have a laptop, but owned a car. Last, they found that  students did not own a laptop nor a car. Given this information, how many students do not have a laptop? 

 

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

To help answer this question, we can construct a two-way table and fill in our known quantities from the question.

The columns of the table will represent the students who have a laptop or do not have a laptop and the rows will contain the students who have a car or do not have a car. The first bit of information that we were given from the question was that  students had a laptop; therefore,  needs to go in the "laptop" column as the row total. Next, we were told that of those students,  owned a car; therefore, we need to put  in the "laptop" column and in the "car" row. Then, we were told that  students do not own a laptop, but own a car, so we need to put  in the "no laptop" column and the "car" row. Finally, we were told that  students do not have a laptop or a car, so  needs to go in the "no laptop" column and "no car" row. If done correctly, you should create a table similar to the following: 

Screen shot 2016 03 25 at 10.07.17 am

Our question asked how many students do not have a laptop. We add up the numbers in the "no laptop" column to get the total:

This means that  students do not have a laptop. 

Example Question #2 : Completing Incomplete Tables

A teacher at a high school conducted a survey of seniors and found that  students owned a laptop and  of those students also had a car. There were  students that did not have a laptop, but owned a car. Last, they found that  students did not own a laptop nor a car. Given this information, how many students have a car? 

 

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

To help answer this question, we can construct a two-way table and fill in our known quantities from the question.

The columns of the table will represent the students who have a laptop or do not have a laptop and the rows will contain the students who have a car or do not have a car. The first bit of information that we were given from the question was that  students had a laptop; therefore,  needs to go in the "laptop" column as the row total. Next, we were told that of those students,  owned a car; therefore, we need to put  in the "laptop" column and in the "car" row. Then, we were told that  students do not own a laptop, but own a car, so we need to put  in the "no laptop" column and the "car" row. Finally, we were told that  students do not have a laptop or a car, so  needs to go in the "no laptop" column and "no car" row. If done correctly, you should create a table similar to the following: 

Screen shot 2016 03 25 at 10.07.17 am

Our question asked how many students have a car. We add up the numbers in the "car" row to get the total:

This means that  students have a car. 

Example Question #3 : Use Data To Construct And Interpret A Two Way Table: Ccss.Math.Content.8.Sp.A.4

A teacher at a high school conducted a survey of seniors and found that  students owned a laptop and  of those students also had a car. There were  students that did not have a laptop, but owned a car. Last, they found that  students did not own a laptop nor a car. Given this information, how many students do not have a car? 

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

To help answer this question, we can construct a two-way table and fill in our known quantities from the question.

The columns of the table will represent the students who have a laptop or do not have a laptop and the rows will contain the students who have a car or do not have a car. The first bit of information that we were given from the question was that  students had a laptop; therefore,  needs to go in the "laptop" column as the row total. Next, we were told that of those students,  owned a car; therefore, we need to put  in the "laptop" column and in the "car" row. Then, we were told that  students do not own a laptop, but own a car, so we need to put  in the "no laptop" column and the "car" row. Finally, we were told that  students do not have a laptop or a car, so  needs to go in the "no laptop" column and "no car" row. If done correctly, you should create a table similar to the following: 

Screen shot 2016 03 25 at 10.07.17 am

Our question asked how many students do not have a car. We add up the numbers in the "no car" row to get the total, but first we need to fill in a gap in our table, students who have a laptop, but don't have a car:

We can take the total number of students that own a lap top, , and subtract the number of students who have a car, 

This means that  students who have a laptop, don't have a car. 

Now, we add up the numbers in the "no car" row to get the total:

This means that  students do not have a car. 

Example Question #3 : Completing Incomplete Tables

A teacher at a high school conducted a survey of freshman and found that  students had a curfew and  of those students were also honor roll students. There were  students that did not have a curfew, but were on honor roll. Last, they found that  students did not have a curfew nor were on honor roll. Given this information, how many students had a curfew, but were not on honor roll? 

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

To help answer this question, we can construct a two-way table and fill in our known quantities from the question.

The columns of the table will represent the students who have a curfew or do not have a curfew and the rows will contain the students who are on honor roll  or are not on honor roll. The first bit of information that we were given from the question was that  students had a curfew; therefore,  needs to go in the "curfew" column as the row total. Next, we were told that of those students,  were on honor roll; therefore, we need to put  in the "curfew" column and in the "honor roll" row. Then, we were told that  students do not have a curfew, but were on honor roll, so we need to put  in the "no curfew" column and the "honor roll" row. Finally, we were told that  students do not have a curfew or were on honor roll, so  needs to go in the "no curfew" column and "no honor roll" row. If done correctly, you should create a table similar to the following: 

Screen shot 2016 03 25 at 11.37.50 am

Our question asked how many students have a curfew, but were not on honor roll. We can take the total number of students that have a curfew, , and subtract the number of students who are on honor roll, 

This means that  students who have a curfew, aren't on honor roll. 

Example Question #1 : Completing Incomplete Tables

A teacher at a high school conducted a survey of freshman and found that  students had a curfew and  of those students were also honor roll students. There were  students that did not have a curfew, but were on honor roll. Last, they found that  students did not have a curfew nor were on honor roll. Given this information, how many students do not have a curfew? 

 

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

To help answer this question, we can construct a two-way table and fill in our known quantities from the question.

The columns of the table will represent the students who have a curfew or do not have a curfew and the rows will contain the students who are on honor roll  or are not on honor roll. The first bit of information that we were given from the question was that  students had a curfew; therefore,  needs to go in the "curfew" column as the row total. Next, we were told that of those students,  were on honor roll; therefore, we need to put  in the "curfew" column and in the "honor roll" row. Then, we were told that  students do not have a curfew, but were on honor roll, so we need to put  in the "no curfew" column and the "honor roll" row. Finally, we were told that  students do not have a curfew or were on honor roll, so  needs to go in the "no curfew" column and "no honor roll" row. If done correctly, you should create a table similar to the following: 

Screen shot 2016 03 25 at 11.37.50 am

 

Our question asked how many students did not have a curfew. We add up the numbers in the "no curfew" column to get the total:

This means that  students do not have a curfew. 

Example Question #4 : Completing Incomplete Tables

A teacher at a high school conducted a survey of freshman and found that  students had a curfew and  of those students were also honor roll students. There were  students that did not have a curfew, but were on honor roll. Last, they found that  students did not have a curfew nor were on honor roll. Given this information, how many students were on honor roll? 

 

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

To help answer this question, we can construct a two-way table and fill in our known quantities from the question.

The columns of the table will represent the students who have a curfew or do not have a curfew and the rows will contain the students who are on honor roll  or are not on honor roll. The first bit of information that we were given from the question was that  students had a curfew; therefore,  needs to go in the "curfew" column as the row total. Next, we were told that of those students,  were on honor roll; therefore, we need to put  in the "curfew" column and in the "honor roll" row. Then, we were told that  students do not have a curfew, but were on honor roll, so we need to put  in the "no curfew" column and the "honor roll" row. Finally, we were told that  students do not have a curfew or were on honor roll, so  needs to go in the "no curfew" column and "no honor roll" row. If done correctly, you should create a table similar to the following: 

Screen shot 2016 03 25 at 11.37.50 am

Our question asked how many students were on honor roll. We add up the numbers in the "honor roll" row to get the total:

This means that  students were on honor roll. 

Example Question #2 : Completing Incomplete Tables

A middle school teacher conducted a survey of the  grade class and found that  students were athletes and  of those students drink soda. There were  students that were not athletes, but drank soda. Last, they found that  students did not have a curfew nor were on honor roll. Given this information, how many students were athletes, but didn't drink soda? 

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

To help answer this question, we can construct a two-way table and fill in our known quantities from the question.

The columns of the table will represent the students who are athletes or are not athletes and the rows will contain the students who drink soda or do not drink soda. The first bit of information that we were given from the question was that  students were athletes; therefore,  needs to go in the "athlete" column as the row total. Next, we were told that of those students,  drinks soda; therefore, we need to put  in the "athlete" column and in the "drinks soda" row. Then, we were told that  students were not athletes, but drink soda, so we need to put  in the "not an athlete" column and the "drinks soda" row. Finally, we were told that  students are not athletes or soda drinkers, so  needs to go in the "not an athlete" column and "doesn't drink soda" row. If done correctly, you should create a table similar to the following: 

Screen shot 2016 03 25 at 2.05.31 pm

 

Our question asked how many students are athletes, but don't drink soda. We can take the total number of students who are athletes, , and subtract the number of students who drink soda, 

This means that  students who are athletes, don't drink soda.  

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