Calculus 2 : Parametric, Polar, and Vector

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for Calculus 2

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Example Questions

Example Question #91 : Polar Form

What is the polar form of ?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

We can convert from rectangular to polar form by using the following trigonometric identities: and . Given , then:

Dividing both sides by , we get:

Example Question #92 : Polar Form

What is the polar form of ?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

We can convert from rectangular to polar form by using the following trigonometric identities: and . Given , then:

 

Example Question #93 : Polar Form

What is the polar form of ?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

We can convert from rectangular to polar form by using the following trigonometric identities: and . Given , then:

 

Example Question #1 : Graphing Polar Form

Which of the following substitutions will help solve the following integral?

 

 

 

 

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

As we can see in this integral, there is no reverse chain-rule u-substitution possible. The logical step is to use a trigonometric substitution. If one recalls that trig substitutions of the type  could be solved with the substitution , then the answer is easily seen. However, we can also use a right triangle:                                                       Screen_shot_2015-04-18_at_6.33.31_pm

And thus we have: 

or:

 

Example Question #1 : Graphing Polar Form

Graph the equation  where .

Possible Answers:

Faker_cosx

R_cosx

R_cosx_1

R_sinx

R_cos2x

Correct answer:

R_cosx

Explanation:

At angle  the graph as a radius of . As it approaches , the radius approaches .

As the graph approaches , the radius approaches .

Because this is a negative radius, the curve is drawn in the opposite quadrant between  and .

Between  and , the radius approaches  from  and redraws the curve in the first quadrant.

Between  and , the graph redraws the curve in the fourth quadrant as the radius approaches  from .    

Example Question #5 : Parametric Form

Draw the graph of  from .

Possible Answers:

R_cosx

R_sinx_1

Faker_cosx

R_sin2x

R_sinx

Correct answer:

R_sinx

Explanation:

Between  and , the radius approaches  from .

From  to  the radius goes from  to .

Between  and , the curve is redrawn in the opposite quadrant, the first quadrant as the radius approaches .

From  and , the curve is redrawn in the second quadrant as the radius approaches  from .   

Example Question #11 : Polar Form

Draw the graph of  from .

Possible Answers:

R_cosx_1

R_sin2x

R2_cos2x

R_sin2x

R_cos2x

Correct answer:

R_cos2x

Explanation:

Because this function has a period of , the x-intercepts of the graph   happen at a reference angle of  (angles halfway between the angles of the axes).  

Between  and  the radius approaches  from .

Between  and , the radius approaches  from  and is drawn in the opposite quadrant, the third quadrant because it has a negative radius.

From  to  the radius approaches  from  , and is drawn in the fourth quadrant, the opposite quadrant. 

Between  and , the radius approaches  from .

From  and , the radius approaches  from .

Between  and , the radius approaches  from . Because it is a negative radius, it is drawn in the opposite quadrant, the first quadrant.

Then between  and  the radius approaches  from  and is draw in the second quadrant.

Finally between  and , the radius approaches  from .                  

Example Question #1 : Parametric Form

Draw the graph of  where .

Possible Answers:

R_cos2x

Faker_cosx

R_sinx_1

R_sinx

R_sin2x

Correct answer:

R_sin2x

Explanation:

Because this function has a period of , the amplitude of the graph   appear at a reference angle of  (angles halfway between the angles of the axes).  

Between  and  the radius approaches 1 from 0.

Between  and , the radius approaches 0 from 1.

From  to  the radius approaches -1 from 0 and is drawn in the opposite quadrant, the fourth quadrant because it has a negative radius.

Between  and , the radius approaches 0 from -1, and is also drawn in the fourth quadrant.

From  and , the radius approaches 1 from 0. Between  and , the radius approaches 0 from 1.

Then between  and  the radius approaches -1 from 0. Because it is a negative radius, it is drawn in the opposite quadrant, the second quadrant. Likewise, as the radius approaches 0 from -1. Between  and , the curve is drawn in the second quadrant.                  

Example Question #261 : Parametric, Polar, And Vector

Graph  where .

Possible Answers:

R_sin2x

R_cos2x

R2_sin2x

R_cosx

R2_cos2x

Correct answer:

R2_cos2x

Explanation:

Taking the graph of , we only want the areas in the positive first quadrant because the radius is squared and cannot be negative.

This leaves us with the areas from  to  to , and  to .

Then, when we take the square root of the radius, we get both a positive and negative answer with a maximum and minimum radius of .

To draw the graph, the radius is 1 at  and traces to 0 at . As well, the negative part of the radius starts at -1 and traces to zero in the opposite quadrant, the third quadrant.

From  to , the curves are traced from 0 to 1 and 0 to -1 in the fourth quadrant. Following this pattern, the graph is redrawn again from the areas included in  to .    

Example Question #1 : Graphing Polar Form

Draw the curve of  from .

Possible Answers:

R2_cos2x

R_sin2x

R2_sin2x

R_sinx

R_sinx_1

Correct answer:

R2_sin2x

Explanation:

Taking the graph of , we only want the areas in the positive first quadrant because the radius is squared and cannot be negative.

This leaves us with the areas from  to  and  to 

Then, when we take the square root of the radius, we get both a positive and negative answer with a maximum and minimum radius of .

To draw the graph, the radius is 0 at  and traces to 1 at . As well, the negative part of the radius starts at 0 and traces to-1 in the opposite quadrant, the third quadrant.

From  to , the curves are traced from 1 to 0 and -1 to 0 in the third quadrant.

Following this pattern, the graph is redrawn again from the areas included in  to .    

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