The Treaty of Versailles included all of the aforementioned provisions except that Italy took control of the Tyrol from Austria rather than from Germany. The modern-day Tyrol continues to be partially a part of Italy and partially a state in Austria.

The Paris Peace Accords took place following the end of the First World War and led to the signing of the Treaty of Versailles. The primary goal of the British and French delegates at the Paris Peace Accords was to ensure that the defeated Germans accepted all moral and financial responsibility for the conflict. This directly led to economic depression in Germany and indirectly led to the rise of Nazism and Adolf Hitler.

The 1938 Munich Conference is notable for the failed attempts at appeasing Hitler by British politician Neville Chamberlain. Hitler’s expansionist ambitions had long been known by the British and French, but it was hoped, by agreeing to his less troublesome demands, war could be averted. History has widely condemned Chamberlain for his policy of appeasement.

Japan withdrew from the League of Nations in 1933 following the latter’s condemnation of the Japanese invasion and occupation of Manchuria.

The League of Nations was the brainchild of American President Woodrow Wilson, yet the United States never joined the League. This is because Congress failed to ratify the treaty which would have led to America’s participation. Lack of American involvement is one of the many reasons why the League of Nations would ultimately prove so ineffective.

The Treaty of Versailles brought to an end the hostilities of World War One. The treaty is often condemned for seeking to punish the Germans too heavily and indirectly leading to the outbreak of World War Two. It did, however, establish the League of Nations.

The Treaty of Maastricht established the European Union in 1993. The formation of the European Union was the culmination of a decades long process to more closely integrate the economies and politics of European nations to prevent further outbreaks of war.

The state of Israel was founded by a resolution of the United Nations. After the end of the Second World War, increasingly large numbers of Jewish settlers came to settle in Palestine. Sectarian violence between the Jewish and Arab populations escalated and Britain turned the authority of settling the Palestinian situation to the United Nations. In a UN resolution it was decided that British Palestine would be divided into a majority Muslim country and a majority Jewish country - thus creating the state of Israel.

The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance was created under the leadership of the Soviet Union in 1949 and included all the countries of the Warsaw Pact and communist and member states around the world. It may have been created in response to the Marshall Plan in Western Europe, certainly it can be understood as the Soviet equivalent of the Marshall Plan as it aimed to provide aid and economic assistance to potential communist nations around the world.

All of these countries were original members of the Warsaw Pact - an alliance of communist nations under the leadership of the Soviet Union in Eastern Europe- except Turkey. Turkey is a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and was an important capitalist ally of the United States of America during the Cold War.