The Third Amendment to the Constitution, part of the Bill of Rights, prohibits the United States Government from forcibly quartering troops in American homes during peacetime. It is generally considered to have been included in response to the Quartering Acts issued by the British Government during and after the French-Indian Wars, which forced American colonists to provide housing to British troops.

The Tenth Amendment to the Constitution, the last of the Bill of Rights, was designed to reaffirm the basic principles of Federalism—the division of powers between the national and state governments. The Amendment states that any powers that are not granted to the National government by the states belong exclusively to the states or to the people.

The First Amendment of the United States Constitution prohibits the United States government from establishing a state religion or preventing anyone from practicing the religion of his or her choosing. It also protects freedom of speech, the right to assemble, and the freedom of the press. It does not regulate the use of cruel and unusual punishment; this is proscribed under the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The First and Eighth Amendments are part of the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution, collectively known as the Bill of Rights.

The Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is part of the Bill of Rights, the first ten amendments enacted into the U.S. Constitution. The Eighth Amendment prohibits the United States government from levying excessive fines or from undertaking cruel and unusual punishment, such as torture. This amendment is often cited in the debate regarding capital punishment.

After an appellate court ruled that the rules on eminent domain codified in the 5th amendment don't apply to the state of Maryland, the Supreme Court upheld this decision citing the lack of language in the Constitution to indicate the Bill of Rights applies to the states.

The Bill of Rights was adopted on December 15, 1791, solidifying the first ten amendments as federal, constitutional law.

The original Bill of Rights was submitted with 12 Amendments instead of 10. Only 10 received the necessary number of approvals to become Constitutional law.

While the 1st Amendment has been used in the debate against government torture, the best answer is the 8th amendment, which prohibits the use of cruel and unusual punishments, including torture by the government. 

Madison's original proposal that congressmen shouldn't be able to vote for their own pay increases was never fully ratified with the other 10 original amendments from the Bill of Rights. Since no time limit was set on its ratification, it eventually became law in 1992 following the ratification of Michigan.

The incorporation doctrine began after the passage of the 14th amendment, but still wasn't prominently used until the 1920s through the Supreme Court.