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Example Questions
Example Question #1 : Sampling Distributions
A researcher wants to determine whether there is a significant linear relationship between time spent meditating and time spent studying. What is the appropriate null hypothesis for this study?
This question is about a linear regression between time spent meditating and time spent studying. Therefore, the hypothesis is regarding Beta1, the slope of the line. We are testing a non-directional or bi-directional claim that the relationship is significant. Therefore, the null hypothesis is that the relationship is not significant, meaning the slope of the line is equal to zero.
Example Question #102 : Statistical Patterns And Random Phenomena
Example Question #1 : Sampling Distributions
Example Question #2 : Sampling Distributions
The president of a country is trying to estimate the average income of his citizens. He randomly samples residents and collects information about their salaries. A percent confidence interval computed from this data for the mean income per citizen is Which of the following provides the best interpretation of this confidence interval?
There is a percent probability that all the citizens of the country have an income between and
There is a percent probability that the mean income per citizen in the school is between and
There is a percent probability that the mean of another sample with the same size will fall between and
If he was to take another sample of the same size and compute a percent confidence interval, we would have a percent chance of getting the interval
percent of the citizens of the country have an income that is between and
There is a percent probability that the mean income per citizen in the school is between and
A confidence interval is a statement about the mean of the population the sample is drawn from so there is a percent probability that a percent confidence interval contains the true mean of the population.
Example Question #1 : How To Find Sampling Distribution Of A Sample Mean
Assume you have taken 100 samples of size 64 each from a population. The population variance is 49.
What is the standard deviation of each (and every) sample mean?
.35
.7
.875
.9
.65
.875
The population standard deviation =
The sample mean standard deviation =
Example Question #2 : How To Find Sampling Distribution Of A Sample Mean
Reaction times in a population of people have a standard deviation of milliseconds. How large must a sample size be for the standard deviation of the sample mean reaction time to be no larger than milliseconds?
Use the fact that .
Alternately, you can use the fact that the variance of the sample mean varies inversely by the square root of the sample size, so to reduce the variance by a factor of 10, the sample size needs to be 100.
Example Question #1 : How To Find Sampling Distribution Of A Sample Mean
A machine puts an average of grams of jelly beans in bags, with a standard deviation of grams. bags are randomly chosen, what is the probability that the mean amount per bag in the sampled bags is less than grams.
A sample size of bags means that the central limit theorem is applicable and the distribution can be assumed to be normal. The sample mean would be and
Therefore,
Example Question #2 : Sampling Distributions
Which of the following is a sampling distribution?
The distribution of average height statistics that could happen from all possible samples of college students.
The average height of all college students.
The height of a particular college student.
The average height of a sample of college students.
The distribution of average height statistics that could happen from all possible samples of college students.
The correct answer is the distribution of average height statistics that could happen from all possible samples of college students. Remember that a sampling distribution isn't just a statistic you get form taking a sample, and isn't just a piece of data you get from doing sampling. Instead, a sampling distribution is a distribution of sample statistics you could get from all of the possible samples you might take from a given population.
Example Question #3 : Sampling Distributions
If a sampling distribution for samples of college students measured for average height has a mean of 70 inches and a standard deviation of 5 inches, we can infer that:
College students are getting shorter.
Roughly 68% of random samples of college students will have a sample mean of between 65 and 75 inches.
Roughly 68% of college students are between 65 and 75 inches tall.
Any particular random sample of college students will have a mean of 70 inches and a standard deviation of 5 inches.
Roughly 68% of random samples of college students will have a sample mean of between 65 and 75 inches.
We can infer that roughly 68% of random samples of college students will have a sample mean of between 65 and 75 inches. Anytime we try to make an inference from a sampling distribution, we have to keep in mind that the sampling distribution is a distribution of samples and not a distribution about the thing we're trying to measure itself (in this case the height of college students). Also, remember that the empirical rules tells us that roughly 68% of the distribution will fall within one standard deviation of the mean.
Example Question #1 : How To Find Sampling Distribution Of A Sample Mean
The standard deviation of a sampling distribution is called:
Sampling deviation
John McEnroe
Standard error
Sample variance
Standard error
The standard error (SE) is the standard deviation of the sampling distribution.