Joe is most likely to develop a substance abuse issue, as research has shown that increased negative interactions with parents lead to increased drinking and smoking. He wouldn't develop high self-esteem; in fact, he would probably develop low self-esteem as a result of these negative interactions. He might do poorly at school as a result of being distracted or lacking self-esteem. 

This question is purely definitional-- prodigies are people of normal intelligence who have an extraordinary talent and savants are people of low intelligence who have an extraordinary talent.

Cognitive dissonance is not a persuasion technique; it describes the discomfort people face when they realize their own inconsistent beliefs. 

The norm of reciprocity, the door in the face technique, the foot in the door technique, and heuristic persuasion are all methods of persuasion—or are clearly related to methods of persuasion. The norm of reciprocity is the idea that someone will tend to reciprocate favors with favors or hostility with hostility; in terms of persuasion, reminding someone that they owe you a favor can persuade them to do something for you. The door in the face technique is the idea that if you ask for something bigger than what you want and they refuse, you can ask for (and get) the smaller thing that you really want. The foot in the door technique is the idea that if you ask for something smaller than what you want and they agree, you can then ask for (and get) the bigger thing that you really want. Last, heuristic persuasion is persuasion based on habit or emotion.

The norm of reciprocity, the door in the face technique, the foot in the door technique, and heuristic persuasion are all methods of persuasion—or are clearly related to methods of persuasion. 

The foot in the door technique is the idea that if you ask for something smaller than what you want and they agree, you can then ask for (and get) the bigger thing that you really want.

The norm of reciprocity is the idea that someone will tend to reciprocate favors with favors or hostility with hostility; in terms of persuasion, reminding someone that they owe you a favor can persuade them to do something for you. Heuristic persuasion is persuasion based on habit or emotion. Last, cognitive dissonance is not a persuasion technique; it describes the discomfort people face when they realize their own inconsistent beliefs. 

The norm of reciprocity, the door in the face technique, the foot in the door technique, and heuristic persuasion are all methods of persuasion—or are clearly related to methods of persuasion. 

The norm of reciprocity is the idea that someone will tend to reciprocate favors with favors or hostility with hostility (e.g. reminding someone that they owe you a favor can persuade them to do something for you).

The door in the face technique is the idea that if you ask for something bigger than what you want and they refuse, you can ask for (and get) the smaller thing that you really want. The foot in the door technique is the idea that if you ask for something smaller than what you want and they agree, you can then ask for (and get) the bigger thing that you really want. Heuristic persuasion is persuasion based on habit or emotion. Last, cognitive dissonance is not a persuasion technique; it describes the discomfort people face when they realize their own inconsistent beliefs. 

The norm of reciprocity, the door in the face technique, the foot in the door technique, and heuristic persuasion are all methods of persuasion—or are clearly related to methods of persuasion. 

The foot in the door technique is the idea that if you ask for something smaller than what you want and they agree, you can then ask for (and get) the bigger thing that you really want.

The door in the face technique is the idea that if you ask for something bigger than what you want and they refuse, you can ask for (and get) the smaller thing that you really want. The norm of reciprocity is the idea that someone will tend to reciprocate favors with favors or hostility with hostility; in terms of persuasion, reminding someone that they owe you a favor can persuade them to do something for you. Heuristic persuasion is persuasion based on habit or emotion. Last, cognitive dissonance is not a persuasion technique; it describes the discomfort people face when they realize their own inconsistent beliefs. 

Example: A student fails a test, acknowledges that s/he didn't study enough and didn't understand some of the test's key questions, and subsequently meets with the teacher to request advice on ways to improve next time. This student would be said to have an internal locus of control.

The term "self-concept" refers to the sum total of beliefs that people have about themselves. The self-concept is made up of cognitive molecules or units called self-schemas: beliefs about oneself that guide the processing of self-relevant information.

Durability bias is present when people overestimate the strength and duration of their emotional reactions. When people participate in affective forecasting—the process of predicting how they would feel in response to future emotional events—durability biases are usually evident.

Extrinsic motivation originates from factors outside the person. People are said to be extrinsically motivated when they engage in an activity as a means to an end, for tangible benefits. Intrinsic motivation originates from factors within a person. People are said to be intrinsically motivated when they engage in an activity for the sake of their own interest, the challenge, or sheer enjoyment.

Money is a common extrinsic motivator, while enjoyment and moral or religious beliefs can be intrinsic motivators.