AP Psychology : Other Cognitive Principles
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Example Questions
Example Question #11 : Other Cognitive Principles
During which stage of development do humans have the greatest number of synapses?
Adolescence
Infancy
Prenatal
Late Adulthood (50-65 years old)
Young Adulthood (18-30 years old)
Infancy
Humans have the greatest number of synapses in infancy, connecting around 86 billion neurons. As we age, synaptic pruning occurs and unused synapses are systematically eliminated.
Example Question #12 : Other Cognitive Principles
Which of the following is an example of functional fixedness?
Someone taking on risk to avoid a potential loss
Someone taking on risk to achieve a potential gain
Someone avoiding risk to achieve a potential gain
Being able to see how a bucket could act as a ladder when turned upside down
Not being able to see how a bucket could act as a step stool when turned upside down
Not being able to see how a bucket could act as a step stool when turned upside down
Functional fixedness is the inability to see the different functions of an object (use as a step stool) other than its conventional use (bucket).
The three answer choices about risks and losses/gains explain aspects of prospect theory (people take on risks when avoiding potential loss and avoid risks to achieve potential gain), rather than functional fixedness. Functional fixedness is a theory of creativity, whereas prospect theory is a explanation of decision-making.
Example Question #12 : Other Cognitive Principles
A multiple-choice exam tests a student's __________ of subject material.
recall
All of these
recognition
None of these
relearning
recognition
In multiple-choice exams, all the answers to a given question are provided; however, it is up to the exam-taker to be able to identify, or "recognize," the correct answer. Multiple-choice exams test an exam-taker's recognition of the subject material.
Example Question #161 : Cognition
A fill-in-the-blank exam tests a student's __________ of subject material.
recall
All of these
None of these
relearning
recognition
recall
In fill-in-the-blank exams, it is up to the exam-taker to be able to remember, or "recall," information learned in the past to be able to correctly answer questions. Fill-in-the-blank exams test an exam-taker's recall ability—how well they can correctly remember information without it being overtly presented to them.
Example Question #171 : Cognition
Which of the following is not a symptom of a panic disorder?
Chest pain
Nausea
Low blood pressure
Intense feeling of dread
Dizziness
Low blood pressure
Panic disorders are quite common. During a panic attack, an individual will have a higher heart rate along with physiological symptoms that may make them feel physically ill. Fear of future anxiety attacks also may trigger worse symptoms.
Example Question #172 : Cognition
Cognitive neuroscience encompasses research in which of the following areas?
Cognition
Linguistics
Computer science
Neurology
All of these
All of these
Cognitive neuroscience is an interdisciplinary science that touches on cognitive psychology, neuroscience, computer science, psycholinguistics, and any area of research that is involved in the study of the connection between the brain and mental processes.
Example Question #17 : Other Cognitive Principles
Sam thinks he is a bad person. He does not think he has any purpose in the world. He also believes that there is nothing he can do in the future to make himself purposeful in life. This is an example of which of the following concepts?
Neuropsychosocial paradigm; negative triad
Negative schema; externalizing
Neuropsychosocial paradigm; cognitive biases
Liable affect; errors in logic
Negative schema; negative triad
Negative schema; negative triad
Sam demonstrates a negative schema and more specifically, the negative triad. A negative schema is a perceptual set in which people view the world. Negative schemas can occur through tragedy, rejection, criticism, or a depressive atmosphere. Any of these factors can cause us to look at the world in a more negative way. The negative triad, consistent with a negative schema, includes a negative view of oneself, the world, and the future.
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