AP Psychology : History and Principles of Psychology
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Example Questions
Example Question #1 : History And Principles Of Psychology
Which psychologist studied the instinctive behavior in greylag geese and jackdaws, investigated the principle of imprinting, and became widely known for his descriptions of imprinting as an instinctive emotional bond?
Kondrad Lorenz
Alfred Kinsey
Lev Vygotsky
Charles Darwin
Phineas Gage
Kondrad Lorenz
Konrad Lorenz was an Austrian zoologist, ethologist, and ornithologist. He is regarded as one of the founders of modern ethology. Lorenz won the Nobel Prize in 1973 for Physiology or Medicine (alongside Nikolass Tinbergen and Karl von Frisch) and is the author of numerous books.
Example Question #2 : History And Principles Of Psychology
Who is credited with creating a scale that measures an individual's sexuality on a scale from 0 (exclusively heterosexual) to 6 (exclusively homosexual)?
Sigmund Freud
Alfred Kinsey
Havelock Ellis
Karen Horney
Rollo May
Alfred Kinsey
This measure, known today as the Kinsey Scale, was developed by its namesake at Indiana University during his study of male and female sexuality from 1940 to 1953.
Example Question #3 : History And Principles Of Psychology
Elizabeth Loftus' "Lost in the Mall" Study aimed to examine the creation of __________.
schemae
stereotypes and prejudice
false memories
self-fulfilling prophecies
romantic attachment
false memories
The study asked participants to recall and write down information about an event from their childhood in which they became separated from their parent in a crowded shopping mall. What the participants did not know was that this "event" was a fictional scenario designed to appear as a plausible part of their pasts.
Example Question #4 : History And Principles Of Psychology
Which famous theorist believed most of human desire laid in the unconscious state of mind?
Sigmund Freud
Jean Piaget
Abraham Maslow
Lawrence Kohlberg
B.F. Skinner
Sigmund Freud
Freud was a huge proponent of the unconscious state of mind and believed human beings buried most of their unwanted thoughts and desires there. This concept is the basis for Freudian psychoanalytic theory and principles.
Example Question #5 : Influential Psychologists
Who theorized that there are certain archetypes that are common across cultures, also known as the collective unconscious?
Sigmund Freud
Albert Bandura
Carl Jung
William James
Noam Chomsky
Carl Jung
Carl Jung was strongly influenced by Freud's idea of the unconscious mind, and took it one step further into society as a whole. He believed that members of the same species have inborn ideas and images that are common across cultures.
Example Question #6 : Influential Psychologists
Which of the following pairings of psychologists and their schools is incorrect?
Carl Rogers - Humanism
Sigmund Freud - Psychoanalysis
John Watson - Behavioralism
Rollo May - Existential Psychology
B.F. Skinner - Humanism
B.F. Skinner - Humanism
Like John Watson, B. F. Skinner was a Behavioralist. He is best known for developing the theory of operant conditioning as an alternative to Pavlov's classical conditioning.
Example Question #5 : Influential Psychologists
Which famous psychologist developed a model for psychosocial development that includes eight stages?
Albert Bandura
Sigmund Freud
Jean Piaget
Ivan Pavlov
Erik Erikson
Erik Erikson
Erik Erikson believed that psychosocial development follows an eight-stage progression. Each stage consists of two competing paths of development (e.g. trust v. mistrust).
Erikson's eight stages are trust v. mistrust, autonomy v. shame/doubt, initiative v. guilt, industry v. inferiority, identity v. role confusion, intimacy v. isolation, generativity v. stagnation, and integrity v. despair.
Example Question #6 : Influential Psychologists
Who developed the first psychology lab in 1879?
Sigmund Freud
Wilhelm Wundt
John Harrison
William James
Carl Jung
Wilhelm Wundt
Wilhelm Wundt, also known as the "Father of Experimental Psychology", developed the first formal psychology lab at the University of Leipzig in 1879.
Example Question #7 : Influential Psychologists
Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow were two of the founders of which psychological perspective?
Phenomenological
Behavioral
Psychoanalytic
Humanistic
Psychodynamic
Humanistic
Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow are both associated with the Humanistic (also sometimes called the Client-Centered) approach to psychology, which emphasizes people's underlying desire and need for self-actualization. The humanist approach focuses more on encouraging a holistic view of mental health and self-actualization, as opposed to a problem-focused treatment model.
Example Question #7 : Influential Psychologists
Jean-Martin Charcot is known for developing the Salpetriere into the world's first major school for which discipline?
Neurology
Phrenology
Psychoanalysis
Trepanning
Existential Psychology
Neurology
In 1882, Charcot established the first neurology clinic at the Salpetriere, an accomplishment for which he is often known as "The Father of Neurology".
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