In this question, we're being told that an object of a given mass is being subjected to a force. To solve this problem, we'll need to make use of Newton's second law, which states that an object of a given mass will accelerate at a rate that is proportional to the force that is applied. Or, written in equation form:

Plugging in the values given, we obtain:

Force is given by:

, where  is mass and  is acceleration. 

We're given mass, but we aren't given acceleration. Since the question asks for average force , we can determine average acceleration . 

, where  is the change in velocity and  is change in time. 

In our problem,  and 

Here we must use the following formula:

We can substitute our known values of mass and force and solve for acceleration

Since we know the acceleration and the time it acts upon the object, we can determine the final velocity through the following equation:

If the block is to remain at rest on the plane, we know that the sum of the forces acting a long the plane must be equal and opposite. This means that the gravitational force acting along the plane is equal to and opposite of the force of friction. This can be demonstrated as:

This can be rewritten as:

For the block to remain at rest, the force of static friction must exceed (for this problem we will set them equal to each other since it gives us the best approximation); solve for the angle:

Newton's second law states:

Where  is the net force exerted upon an object,  is the mass of the object and  is the acceleration of the object.

We rearrange this equation to show:

Plug in our given values with  and :

By Newton's second law:

, where  is force,  is mass, and  is acceleration.

This is the acceleration. Since we're assuming this acceleration is constant over time, we can model velocity  as: 

 where  is the initial velocity. 

Since the initial velocity is  in our problem, 

After  seconds, 

Use work:

All energy will be kinetic.

Convert  to :

Plug in values. Force will be negative as it is pointing against the direction of travel:

Solve for :

Use Newton's second law:

Plug in values:

Solve for :

Convert to

Use work:

All energy will be kinetic.

Convert  to :

Plug in values. Force will be negative as it is pointing against the direction of travel:

Solve for :

Use frictional force:

Plug in values:

Solve for

In this question, we're told that a horizontal force is being applied to an object on the moon. We're given the magnitude of this force and the mass of the object.

We're also given the acceleration due to gravity on the moon, but this is useless information for the purposes of this question. Since the force under consideration is acting horizontally on the object, and the force due to gravity acts vertically, these two forces are treated separately; the vertical acting force of gravity will not affect the horizontal kinematics of the object's movement.

Thus, this reduces to a simple application of Newton's second law, and we can use the following equation:

Rearranging, we can isolate the term for acceleration:

Then plug in the values that we have to solve for our answer:

This problem can be solved using the expression relating torque and angular acceleration:

We can determine the total net torque on the system using the Newton's second law.

Applying this to both masses and assuming a force in the downward direction is positive, we get:

Then using the expression for torque, we get:

Where d is half the length of the rod.

Applying this to both masses and assuming torque in the counterclockwise direction is positive, we get:

Now let's go back to the original equation:

Now we need to calculate the net moment of inertia:

Where r is half the length of the rod:

Going back to the original equation and rearranging for angular acceleration:

Then relating this to linear acceleration using:

Where r is half the length of the rod again:

We have all of our values, so we can calculate the final answer: