AP Latin : Sight Reading

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for AP Latin

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Example Questions

Example Question #11 : Grammar, Syntax, And Scansion In Prose Passages

Erat Miseni classemque imperio praesens regebat. Nonum Kal. Septembres hora fere septima mater mea indicat ei apparere nubem inusitata et magnitudine et specie. Usus ille sole, mox frigida, gustaverat iacens studebatque; poscit soleas, ascendit locum ex quo maxime miraculum illud conspici poterat. Nubes — incertum procul intuentibus ex quo monte; Vesuvium fuisse postea cognitum est — oriebatur, cuius similitudinem et formam non alia magis arbor quam pinus expresserit. Nam longissimo velut trunco elata in altum quibusdam ramis diffundebatur, credo quia recenti spiritu evecta, dein senescente eo destituta aut etiam pondere suo victa in latitudinem vanescebat, candida interdum, interdum sordida et maculosa prout terram cineremve sustulerat. Magnum propiusque noscendum ut eruditissimo viro visum. Iubet liburnicam aptari; mihi si venire una vellem facit copiam; respondi studere me malle, et forte ipse quod scriberem dederat. Egrediebatur domo; accipit codicillos Rectinae Tasci imminenti periculo exterritae — nam villa eius subiacebat, nec ulla nisi navibus fuga -: ut se tanto discrimini eriperet orabat. Vertit ille consilium et quod studioso animo incohaverat obit maximo. Deducit quadriremes, ascendit ipse non Rectinae modo sed multis — erat enim frequens amoenitas orae — laturus auxilium. Properat illuc unde alii fugiunt, rectumque cursum recta gubernacula in periculum tenet adeo solutus metu, ut omnes illius mali motus omnes figuras ut deprenderat oculis dictaret enotaretque.

Why are most of the words in the underlined sentence accusative?

Possible Answers:

They are in the exclamatory accusative case.

They are in the accusative place to which.

The underlined section uses accusative as an appositive

The underlined passage includes an accusative direct object.

Correct answer:

They are in the exclamatory accusative case.

Explanation:

The words in the underlined sentence are in the accusative case here because the author is making an exclamation.

(Passage adapted from Pliny the Younger's Letters to Tacitus Book 6, #16)

Example Question #12 : Grammar, Syntax, And Scansion In Prose Passages

Si quis, iudices, forte nunc adsit ignarus legum, iudiciorum, consuetudinis nostrae, miretur profecto, quae sit tanta atrocitas huiusce causae, quod diebus festis ludisque publicis, omnibus forensibus negotiis intermissis unum hoc iudicium exerceatur, nec dubitet, quin tanti facinoris reus arguatur, ut eo neglecto civitas stare non possit; idem cum audiat esse legem, quae de seditiosis consceleratisque civibus, qui armati senatum obsederint, magistratibus vim attulerint, rem publicam oppugnarint, cotidie quaeri iubeat: legem non improbet, crimen quod versetur in iudicio, requirat; cum audiat nullum facinus, nullam audaciam, nullam vim in iudicium vocari, sed adulescentem illustri ingenio, industria, gratia accusari ab eius filio, quem ipse in iudicium et vocet et vocarit, oppugnari autem opibus meretriciis: [Atratini] illius pietatem non reprehendat, muliebrem libidinem comprimendam putet, vos laboriosos existimet, quibus otiosis ne in communi quidem otio liceat esse.

Why is "adsit" subjunctive?

Possible Answers:

In order to indicate a possibility

Because it is a purpose clause

In order to indicate a future wish

Because it is a result clause

Correct answer:

In order to indicate a possibility

Explanation:

The word "adsit" is in the subjunctive mood in order to indicate the possibility that someone may actually be ignorant of the law. This independent use of the subjunctive to indicate a possibility is called potential subjunctive.

(Passage adapted from Cicero's Pro Caelio, Section 1(56 BCE))

Example Question #13 : Grammar, Syntax, And Scansion In Prose Passages

Si quis, iudices, forte nunc adsit ignarus legum, iudiciorum, consuetudinis nostrae, miretur profecto, quae sit tanta atrocitas huiusce causae, quod diebus festis ludisque publicis, omnibus forensibus negotiis intermissis unum hoc iudicium exerceatur, nec dubitet, quin tanti facinoris reus arguatur, ut eo neglecto civitas stare non possit; idem cum audiat esse legem, quae de seditiosis consceleratisque civibus, qui armati senatum obsederint, magistratibus vim attulerint, rem publicam oppugnarint, cotidie quaeri iubeat: legem non improbet, crimen quod versetur in iudicio, requirat; cum audiat nullum facinus, nullam audaciam, nullam vim in iudicium vocari, sed adulescentem illustri ingenio, industria, gratia accusari ab eius filio, quem ipse in iudicium et vocet et vocarit, oppugnari autem opibus meretriciis: [Atratini] illius pietatem non reprehendat, muliebrem libidinem comprimendam putet, vos laboriosos existimet, quibus otiosis ne in communi quidem otio liceat esse.

Which word is the antecedent of "quae"?

Possible Answers:

"iudicorum"

"conseutudinis"

"ignarus"

"iudices"

Correct answer:

"conseutudinis"

Explanation:

The word "quae" takes "conseutudinis" as its antecedent. Remember, relative pronouns must agree in gender and number. The only choice that is feminine, like "quae," is "consuetudinis." Furthermore, you can tell from the context of the passage that the speaker is still referring to the custom/tradition.

(Passage adapted from Cicero's Pro Caelio, Section 1 (56 BCE))

Example Question #14 : Grammar, Syntax, And Scansion In Prose Passages

Si quis, iudices, forte nunc adsit ignarus legum, iudiciorum, consuetudinis nostrae, miretur profecto, quae sit tanta atrocitas huiusce causae, quod diebus festis ludisque publicis, omnibus forensibus negotiis intermissis unum hoc iudicium exerceatur, nec dubitet, quin tanti facinoris reus arguatur, ut eo neglecto civitas stare non possit; idem cum audiat esse legem, quae de seditiosis consceleratisque civibus, qui armati senatum obsederint, magistratibus vim attulerint, rem publicam oppugnarint, cotidie quaeri iubeat: legem non improbet, crimen quod versetur in iudicio, requirat; cum audiat nullum facinus, nullam audaciam, nullam vim in iudicium vocari, sed adulescentem illustri ingenio, industria, gratia accusari ab eius filio, quem ipse in iudicium et vocet et vocarit, oppugnari autem opibus meretriciis: [Atratini] illius pietatem non reprehendat, muliebrem libidinem comprimendam putet, vos laboriosos existimet, quibus otiosis ne in communi quidem otio liceat esse.

What is the case of "magistratibus"?

Possible Answers:

Dative

Nominative

Ablative

Accusative

Correct answer:

Dative

Explanation:

The word "magistratibus" is dative in this clause because it is acting as the indirect object. The phrase translates: they brought force (an army) to the magistrates.

(Passage adapted from Cicero's Pro Caelio, Section 1 (56 BCE))

Example Question #411 : Sight Reading

Ac mihi quidem videtur, iudices, hic introitus defensionis adulescentiae M. Caeli maxime convenire, ut ad ea, quae accusatores deformandi huius causa, detrahendae spoliandaeque dignitatis gratia dixerunt, primum respondeam. Obiectus est pater varie, quod aut parum splendidus ipse aut parum pie tractatus a filio diceretur. De dignitate M. Caelius notis ac maioribus natu et sine mea oratione et tacitus facile ipse respondet; quibus autem propter senectutem, quod iam diu minus in foro nobiscumque versatur, non aeque est cognitus, ii sic habeant, quaecumque in equite Romano dignitas esse possit, quae certe potest esse maxima, eam semper in M. Caelio habitam esse summam hodieque haberi non solum a suis, sed etiam ab omnibus, quibus potuerit aliqua de causa esse notus.

How should "obiectus est" be translated?

Possible Answers:

He opposes

He is opposed

He opposed

He is having been opposed

Correct answer:

He is opposed

Explanation:

When the perfect passive participle is combined with a form of the verb "sum, esse," it creates what is called a periphrastic, which changes the translation of the participle a bit. The perfect passive participle "+ sum, esse" (present tense) forms the perfect passive translation of the verb. It should be translated as: he is opposed.

(Passage adapted from Cicero's Pro Caelio, Section 2 (56 BCE))

Example Question #412 : Sight Reading

Ac mihi quidem videtur, iudices, hic introitus defensionis adulescentiae M. Caeli maxime convenire, ut ad ea, quae accusatores deformandi huius causa, detrahendae spoliandaeque dignitatis gratia dixerunt, primum respondeam. Obiectus est pater varie, quod aut parum splendidus ipse aut parum pie tractatus a filio diceretur. De dignitate M. Caelius notis ac maioribus natu et sine mea oratione et tacitus facile ipse respondet; quibus autem propter senectutem, quod iam diu minus in foro nobiscumque versatur, non aeque est cognitus, ii sic habeant, quaecumque in equite Romano dignitas esse possit, quae certe potest esse maxima, eam semper in M. Caelio habitam esse summam hodieque haberi non solum a suis, sed etiam ab omnibus, quibus potuerit aliqua de causa esse notus.

The word "videtur" should be translated as __________.

Possible Answers:

it seems

he sees

he is watched

she watches

Correct answer:

it seems

Explanation:

The word "videtur" comes from "video, videre, vidi, visus." "Videtur" is the passive voice form of "videt." When this verb is in the passive voice, it is most often translated as to seem. "It seems" is therefore the best choice.

(Passage adapted from Cicero's Pro Caelio, Section 2 (56 BCE))

Example Question #413 : Sight Reading

Ac mihi quidem videtur, iudices, hic introitus defensionis adulescentiae M. Caeli maxime convenire, ut ad ea, quae accusatores deformandi huius causa, detrahendae spoliandaeque dignitatis gratia dixerunt, primum respondeam. Obiectus est pater varie, quod aut parum splendidus ipse aut parum pie tractatus a filio diceretur. De dignitate M. Caelius notis ac maioribus natu et sine mea oratione et tacitus facile ipse respondet; quibus autem propter senectutem, quod iam diu minus in foro nobiscumque versatur, non aeque est cognitus, ii sic habeant, quaecumque in equite Romano dignitas esse possit, quae certe potest esse maxima, eam semper in M. Caelio habitam esse summam hodieque haberi non solum a suis, sed etiam ab omnibus, quibus potuerit aliqua de causa esse notus.

The word "haberi" should be translated as __________.

Possible Answers:

to hold

I will hold

to be held

I will have held

Correct answer:

to be held

Explanation:

The word "haberi" comes from the verb "habeo, habere, habui, habitus," which means to have/holdHaberi is the passive infinitive form of this verb. Since there is no special clause that it is a part of, it should be translated to be held.

(Passage adapted from Cicero's Pro Caelio, Section 2 (56 BCE))

Example Question #24 : Grammar, Syntax, And Scansion In Prose Passages

     In nova fert animus mutatas dicere formas
corpora; di, coeptis (nam vos mutastis et illas)
adspirate meis primaque ab origine mundi
ad mea perpetuum deducite tempora carmen!
     Ante mare et terras et quod tegit omnia caelum               5
unus erat toto naturae vultus in orbe,
quem dixere chaos: rudis indigestaque moles
nec quicquam nisi pondus iners congestaque eodem
non bene iunctarum discordia semina rerum.
nullus adhuc mundo praebebat lumina Titan,                         10
nec nova crescendo reparabat cornua Phoebe,
nec circumfuso pendebat in aere tellus
ponderibus librata suis, nec bracchia longo
margine terrarum porrexerat Amphitrite;
utque erat et tellus illic et pontus et aer,                               15
sic erat instabilis tellus, innabilis unda,
lucis egens aer; nulli sua forma manebat,
obstabatque aliis aliud, quia corpore in uno
frigida pugnabant calidis, umentia siccis,
mollia cum duris, sine pondere, habentia pondus.                  20

What is the case of "di" (line 2)?

Possible Answers:

Nominative

Genitive

Vocative

Dative

Correct answer:

Vocative

Explanation:

The form "di" comes from the word "deus, dei" and is a shortened form of "dei," the nominative and vocative plural form (gods). We know that "di" is vocative because of the imperatives in the sentence. The author is speaking directly to (and commanding) them.

(Passage adapted from Metamorphoses by Ovid, ln.1-20)

Example Question #25 : Grammar, Syntax, And Scansion In Prose Passages

     In nova fert animus mutatas dicere formas
corpora; di, coeptis (nam vos mutastis et illas)
adspirate meis primaque ab origine mundi
ad mea perpetuum deducite tempora carmen!
     Ante mare et terras et quod tegit omnia caelum               5
unus erat toto naturae vultus in orbe,
quem dixere chaos: rudis indigestaque moles
nec quicquam nisi pondus iners congestaque eodem
non bene iunctarum discordia semina rerum.
nullus adhuc mundo praebebat lumina Titan,                         10
nec nova crescendo reparabat cornua Phoebe,
nec circumfuso pendebat in aere tellus
ponderibus librata suis, nec bracchia longo
margine terrarum porrexerat Amphitrite;
utque erat et tellus illic et pontus et aer,                               15
sic erat instabilis tellus, innabilis unda,
lucis egens aer; nulli sua forma manebat,
obstabatque aliis aliud, quia corpore in uno
frigida pugnabant calidis, umentia siccis,
mollia cum duris, sine pondere, habentia pondus.                  20

In line 4, there is an example of __________.

Possible Answers:

litotes

pleonasm

a golden line

chiasmus

Correct answer:

a golden line

Explanation:

Line 4 presents an example of a Golden Line, a very special type of synchesis in the grammatical construction of a sentence. It follows the pattern A-B-V-A-B, where the first A-B of the pattern are adjectives describing the latter A-B of the pattern and separated in the middle by a verb. The words "mea perpetuum deducite tempora carmen" fit this pattern exactly.

(Passage adapted from Metamorphoses by Ovid, ln.1-20)

Example Question #26 : Grammar, Syntax, And Scansion In Prose Passages

 In nova fert animus mutatas dicere formas
corpora; di, coeptis (nam vos mutastis et illas)
adspirate meis primaque ab origine mundi
ad mea perpetuum deducite tempora carmen!
     Ante mare et terras et quod tegit omnia caelum               5
unus erat toto naturae vultus in orbe,
quem dixere chaos: rudis indigestaque moles
nec quicquam nisi pondus iners congestaque eodem
non bene iunctarum discordia semina rerum.
nullus adhuc mundo praebebat lumina Titan,                         10
nec nova crescendo reparabat cornua Phoebe,
nec circumfuso pendebat in aere tellus
ponderibus librata suis, nec bracchia longo
margine terrarum porrexerat Amphitrite;
utque erat et tellus illic et pontus et aer,                               15
sic erat instabilis tellus, innabilis unda,
lucis egens aer; nulli sua forma manebat,
obstabatque aliis aliud, quia corpore in uno
frigida pugnabant calidis, umentia siccis,
mollia cum duris, sine pondere, habentia pondus.                  20

What is the case of "mare" (line 5)?

Possible Answers:

Genitive

Dative

Accusative

Ablative

Correct answer:

Accusative

Explanation:

The word "mare" comes from "mare, maris," a third declension neuter word. This is the accusative form of that word. It must be accusative because it is the object of "ante," which only takes the accusative case.

(Passage adapted from Metamorphoses by Ovid, ln.1-20)

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