AP Latin : Sight Reading
Study concepts, example questions & explanations for AP Latin
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Example Questions
Example Question #11 : Context Based Meaning Of Words And Phrases In Prose Passages
Ac mihi quidem videtur, iudices, hic introitus defensionis adulescentiae M. Caeli maxime convenire, ut ad ea, quae accusatores deformandi huius causa, detrahendae spoliandaeque dignitatis gratia dixerunt, primum respondeam. Obiectus est pater varie, quod aut parum splendidus ipse aut parum pie tractatus a filio diceretur. De dignitate M. Caelius notis ac maioribus natu et sine mea oratione et tacitus facile ipse respondet; quibus autem propter senectutem, quod iam diu minus in foro nobiscumque versatur, non aeque est cognitus, ii sic habeant, quaecumque in equite Romano dignitas esse possit, quae certe potest esse maxima, eam semper in M. Caelio habitam esse summam hodieque haberi non solum a suis, sed etiam ab omnibus, quibus potuerit aliqua de causa esse notus.
The word "versatur" should be translated as ____________.
it is turned about
it is considered
it lives
it turns
it is considered
The word "versatur" comes from "verso, versare, versavi, versatus," which means to turn around. It is common, however, to use this word to mean to consider when talking about decision-making. Here, where decisions and laws are being discussed - not to mention the forum, where many important discussions and speeches take place in Rome, the most appropriate translation would be it is considered.
(Passage adapted from Cicero's Pro Caelio, Section 2 (56 BCE))
Example Question #13 : Context Based Meaning Of Words And Phrases In Prose Passages
Ac mihi quidem videtur, iudices, hic introitus defensionis adulescentiae M. Caeli maxime convenire, ut ad ea, quae accusatores deformandi huius causa, detrahendae spoliandaeque dignitatis gratia dixerunt, primum respondeam. Obiectus est pater varie, quod aut parum splendidus ipse aut parum pie tractatus a filio diceretur. De dignitate M. Caelius notis ac maioribus natu et sine mea oratione et tacitus facile ipse respondet; quibus autem propter senectutem, quod iam diu minus in foro nobiscumque versatur, non aeque est cognitus, ii sic habeant, quaecumque in equite Romano dignitas esse possit, quae certe potest esse maxima, eam semper in M. Caelio habitam esse summam hodieque haberi non solum a suis, sed etiam ab omnibus, quibus potuerit aliqua de causa esse notus.
In the underlined portion, we learn that ___________.
Caelius is claiming that the prosecutors are slandering him
the prosecutors are claiming that Caelius wants to slander their client
Caelius has destroyed something
Caelius is being accused of stealing something
the prosecutors are claiming that Caelius wants to slander their client
In the first sentence, we learn that the accusers claim that Caelius only wants to slander the name of their client. The sentence translates as: But it seems to me, judges, that this introduction of the defense of the youth, Marcus Caelius is very appropriate because, according to she, who the accusers say must discredit, must drag down, must ruin her popularity and dignity; first, let me respond.
(Passage adapted from Cicero's Pro Caelio, Section 2 (56 BCE))
Example Question #61 : Content Of Prose Passages
Ac mihi quidem videtur, iudices, hic introitus defensionis adulescentiae M. Caeli maxime convenire, ut ad ea, quae accusatores deformandi huius causa, detrahendae spoliandaeque dignitatis gratia dixerunt, primum respondeam. Obiectus est pater varie, quod aut parum splendidus ipse aut parum pie tractatus a filio diceretur. De dignitate M. Caelius notis ac maioribus natu et sine mea oratione et tacitus facile ipse respondet; quibus autem propter senectutem, quod iam diu minus in foro nobiscumque versatur, non aeque est cognitus, ii sic habeant, quaecumque in equite Romano dignitas esse possit, quae certe potest esse maxima, eam semper in M. Caelio habitam esse summam hodieque haberi non solum a suis, sed etiam ab omnibus, quibus potuerit aliqua de causa esse notus.
How should "ut" be translated?
How
So that
That
As
So that
The word "ut" should be translated as so that because it is being used in a purpose clause. This clause is being used by the prosecutors of the speaker's client to explain why the client committed the crime. Furthermore, this purpose clause is followed by another statement of purpose, this time using a gerund + causa in order to indicate the purpose: "deformandi causa."
(Passage adapted from Cicero's Pro Caelio, Section 2 (56 BCE))
Example Question #1 : Authors And Literary Conventions In Prose Passages
In nova fert animus mutatas dicere formas
corpora; di, coeptis (nam vos mutastis et illas)
adspirate meis primaque ab origine mundi
ad mea perpetuum deducite tempora carmen!
Ante mare et terras et quod tegit omnia caelum 5
unus erat toto naturae vultus in orbe,
quem dixere chaos: rudis indigestaque moles
nec quicquam nisi pondus iners congestaque eodem
non bene iunctarum discordia semina rerum.
nullus adhuc mundo praebebat lumina Titan, 10
nec nova crescendo reparabat cornua Phoebe,
nec circumfuso pendebat in aere tellus
ponderibus librata suis, nec bracchia longo
margine terrarum porrexerat Amphitrite;
utque erat et tellus illic et pontus et aer, 15
sic erat instabilis tellus, innabilis unda,
lucis egens aer; nulli sua forma manebat,
obstabatque aliis aliud, quia corpore in uno
frigida pugnabant calidis, umentia siccis,
mollia cum duris, sine pondere, habentia pondus. 20
In lines 1-4, what is the author doing?
Asking the gods to bless his work
Speaking about his art
Talking about history
Mentioning famous people
Asking the gods to bless his work
In the first few lines of this passage, the author is reaching out to the gods and asking for them to bless his work for the years to come. He is asking them to make his work everlasting. This is a common convention among Roman authors, where they invoke the blessings of a Muse or some other god.
(Passage adapted from Metamorphoses by Ovid, ln.1-20)
Example Question #1 : Mythology And Legends In Prose Passages
In nova fert animus mutatas dicere formas
corpora; di, coeptis (nam vos mutastis et illas)
adspirate meis primaque ab origine mundi
ad mea perpetuum deducite tempora carmen!
Ante mare et terras et quod tegit omnia caelum 5
unus erat toto naturae vultus in orbe,
quem dixere chaos: rudis indigestaque moles
nec quicquam nisi pondus iners congestaque eodem
non bene iunctarum discordia semina rerum.
nullus adhuc mundo praebebat lumina Titan, 10
nec nova crescendo reparabat cornua Phoebe,
nec circumfuso pendebat in aere tellus
ponderibus librata suis, nec bracchia longo
margine terrarum porrexerat Amphitrite;
utque erat et tellus illic et pontus et aer, 15
sic erat instabilis tellus, innabilis unda,
lucis egens aer; nulli sua forma manebat,
obstabatque aliis aliud, quia corpore in uno
frigida pugnabant calidis, umentia siccis,
mollia cum duris, sine pondere, habentia pondus. 20
This passage is from __________.
A book explaining the locations of places on Earth
An account of the beginning of the world
An account of a famous war
A book of lessons from the gods
An account of the beginning of the world
This exerpt talks about Chaos and the beginning of the universe. It is an account of the Romans' idea of how the Earth began.
(Passage adapted from Metamorphoses by Ovid, ln.1-20)
Example Question #2 : Mythology And Legends In Prose Passages
In nova fert animus mutatas dicere formas
corpora; di, coeptis (nam vos mutastis et illas)
adspirate meis primaque ab origine mundi
ad mea perpetuum deducite tempora carmen!
Ante mare et terras et quod tegit omnia caelum 5
unus erat toto naturae vultus in orbe,
quem dixere chaos: rudis indigestaque moles
nec quicquam nisi pondus iners congestaque eodem
non bene iunctarum discordia semina rerum.
nullus adhuc mundo praebebat lumina Titan, 10
nec nova crescendo reparabat cornua Phoebe,
nec circumfuso pendebat in aere tellus
ponderibus librata suis, nec bracchia longo
margine terrarum porrexerat Amphitrite;
utque erat et tellus illic et pontus et aer, 15
sic erat instabilis tellus, innabilis unda,
lucis egens aer; nulli sua forma manebat,
obstabatque aliis aliud, quia corpore in uno
frigida pugnabant calidis, umentia siccis,
mollia cum duris, sine pondere, habentia pondus. 20
Who is Phoebe (line 11)?
One of the original Titans
Diana
Selene
Apollo
One of the original Titans
All of the gods listed are associated with the name Phoebe/Phoebus. The context of this passage tells us that it is still talking about the beginning of the universe. Therefore, none of the Gods (Selene, Diana, and Apollo) have been born yet. Phoebe is a Titan.
(Passage adapted from Metamorphoses by Ovid, ln.1-20)
Example Question #1 : Mythology And Legends In Prose Passages
Primus amor Phoebi Daphne Peneia, quem non
fors ignara dedit, sed saeva Cupidinis ira,
Delius hunc nuper, victa serpente superbus,
viderat adducto flectentem cornua nervo
'quid' que 'tibi, lascive puer, cum fortibus armis?' 5
dixerat: 'ista decent umeros gestamina nostros,
qui dare certa ferae, dare vulnera possumus hosti,
qui modo pestifero tot iugera ventre prementem
stravimus innumeris tumidum Pythona sagittis.
tu face nescio quos esto contentus amores 10
inritare tua, nec laudes adsere nostras!'
filius huic Veneris 'figat tuus omnia, Phoebe,
te meus arcus' ait; 'quantoque animalia cedunt
cuncta deo, tanto minor est tua gloria nostra.'
To whom does "Phoebi" (line 1) refer?
Selene
Diana
A Titan
Apollo
Apollo
All of the above names are associated with the name "Phoebe/Phoebus"; howver, the name "Daphne" is also mentioned, who is only associated with one of those gods/Titans. This is the story of Apollo and Daphne.
(Passage adapted from Metamorphoses by Ovid, 1.452-465)
Example Question #2 : Mythology And Legends In Prose Passages
Pallas anum simulat: falsosque in tempora canos
addit et infirmos, baculo quos sustinet, artus.
tum sic orsa loqui 'non omnia grandior aetas,
quae fugiamus, habet: seris venit usus ab annis.
consilium ne sperne meum: tibi fama petatur 5
inter mortales faciendae maxima lanae;
cede deae veniamque tuis, temeraria, dictis
supplice voce roga: veniam dabit illa roganti.'
adspicit hanc torvis inceptaque fila relinquit
vixque manum retinens confessaque vultibus iram 10
talibus obscuram resecuta est Pallada dictis:
'mentis inops longaque venis confecta senecta,
et nimium vixisse diu nocet. audiat istas,
si qua tibi nurus est, si qua est tibi filia, voces;
consilii satis est in me mihi, neve monendo 15
profecisse putes, eadem est sententia nobis.
cur non ipsa venit? cur haec certamina vitat?'
Who is Pallas (line 1)?
Minerva
Juno
Athena
Vesta
Minerva
"Pallas" refers to the goddess Minerva. Typically you will hear this epithet in the phrase "Pallas Athena." Yes, Pallas, Minerva, and Athena are all the same person, so why is Minerva the correct answer? Simple: Latin. Remember that on any official Latin test, the default answer should be the Latin/Roman name of that person, unless otherwise stated.
(Passage adapted from Metamorphoses by Ovid, VI.26-42)
Example Question #3 : Mythology And Legends In Prose Passages
Pallas anum simulat: falsosque in tempora canos
addit et infirmos, baculo quos sustinet, artus.
tum sic orsa loqui 'non omnia grandior aetas,
quae fugiamus, habet: seris venit usus ab annis.
consilium ne sperne meum: tibi fama petatur 5
inter mortales faciendae maxima lanae;
cede deae veniamque tuis, temeraria, dictis
supplice voce roga: veniam dabit illa roganti.'
adspicit hanc torvis inceptaque fila relinquit
vixque manum retinens confessaque vultibus iram 10
talibus obscuram resecuta est Pallada dictis:
'mentis inops longaque venis confecta senecta,
et nimium vixisse diu nocet. audiat istas,
si qua tibi nurus est, si qua est tibi filia, voces;
consilii satis est in me mihi, neve monendo 15
profecisse putes, eadem est sententia nobis.
cur non ipsa venit? cur haec certamina vitat?'
This passage is from the story of __________.
Arachne
the birth of Minerva
Minerva and the muses
Niobe
Arachne
In this passage, Minerva disguises herself as an old woman. In this form, she speaks to a girl about something concerning wool ("lanae"), age ("aetas"), and fame ("fama"). She warns the girl to not be rash ("ne sperne...temeraria"), and so on. This is the story of Arachne, the famous weaver who competes with Minerva.
(Passage adapted from Metamorphoses by Ovid, VI.26-42)
Example Question #2 : Mythology And Legends In Prose Passages
Ecce cruentati redeunt et, Bacchus ubi esset,
quaerenti domino Bacchum vidisse negarunt;
'hunc' dixere 'tamen comitem famulumque sacrorum
cepimus' et tradunt manibus post terga ligatis
sacra dei quendam Tyrrhena gente secutum. 5
adspicit hunc Pentheus oculis, quos ira tremendos
fecerat, et quamquam poenae vix tempora differt,
'o periture tuaque aliis documenta dature
morte,' ait, 'ede tuum nomen nomenque parentum
et patriam, morisque novi cur sacra frequentes!' 10
ille metu vacuus 'nomen mihi' dixit 'Acoetes,
patria Maeonia est, humili de plebe parentes.
non mihi quae duri colerent pater arva iuvenci,
lanigerosve greges, non ulla armenta reliquit;
pauper et ipse fuit linoque solebat et hamis 15
decipere et calamo salientis ducere pisces.
Bacchus is the Roman counterpart of which Greek God?
Apollo
Hermes
Dionysus
Hephaestus
Dionysus
Bacchus is the Roman name for the God Dionysus.
(Passage adapted from Metamorphoses by Ovid, III 570-586)
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