AP Latin : Grammar, Syntax, and Scansion in Poetry
Study concepts, example questions & explanations for AP Latin
All AP Latin Resources
Example Questions
Example Question #1 : Poetic Syntax
Vivamus mea Lesbia, atque amemus,
rumoresque senum severiorum
omnes unius aestimemus assis!
soles occidere et redire possunt:
nobis cum semel occidit brevis lux, 5
nox est perpetua una dormienda.
da mi basia mille, deinde centum,
dein mille altera, dein secunda centum,
deinde usque altera mille, deinde centum.
dein, cum milia multa fecerimus, 10
conturbabimus illa, ne sciamus,
aut ne quis malus invidere possit,
cum tantum sciat esse basiorum.
What is the word "mille" doing in line 7?
Describing "da"
Describing "basia"
Describing "deinde"
Describing "mi"
Describing "basia"
The word "mille" is a number referring to how many basia there are. It is "describing 'basia.'"
Passage adapted from "Catullus 5," ln.1-13
Example Question #2 : Poetic Syntax
Ni te plus oculis meis amarem,
iucundissime Calve, munere isto
odissem te odio Vatiniano:
nam quid feci ego quidve sum locutus,
cur me tot male perderes poetis? 5
isti di mala multa dent clienti,
qui tantum tibi misit impiorum.
quod si, ut suspicor, hoc novum ac repertum
munus dat tibi Sulla litterator,
non est mi male, sed bene ac beate, 10
quod non dispereunt tui labores.
di magni, horribilem et sacrum libellum!
quem tu scilicet ad tuum Catullum
misti, continuo ut die periret,
Saturnalibus, optimo dierum! 15
non non hoc tibi, false, sic abibit.
nam si luxerit ad librariorum
curram scrinia, Caesios, Aquinos,
Suffenum, omnia colligam venena.
ac te his suppliciis remunerabor. 20
vos hinc interea valete abite
illuc, unde malum pedem attulistis,
saecli incommoda, pessimi poetae.
What type of use of the subjunctive is represented by "amarem" in line 1?
Purpose
Causal
Jussive
Potential
Potential
The verb "amarem" should be translated with the word "should" or "may." It is indicating the possibility of loving or not loving. This independent use of the subjunctive is called "potential" because it indicates the potential of something to happen or not happen.
(Passage adapted from "Catullus 14," ln.1-23)
Example Question #3 : Poetic Syntax
Ni te plus oculis meis amarem,
iucundissime Calve, munere isto
odissem te odio Vatiniano:
nam quid feci ego quidve sum locutus,
cur me tot male perderes poetis? 5
isti di mala multa dent clienti,
qui tantum tibi misit impiorum.
quod si, ut suspicor, hoc novum ac repertum
munus dat tibi Sulla litterator,
non est mi male, sed bene ac beate, 10
quod non dispereunt tui labores.
di magni, horribilem et sacrum libellum!
quem tu scilicet ad tuum Catullum
misti, continuo ut die periret,
Saturnalibus, optimo dierum! 15
non non hoc tibi, false, sic abibit.
nam si luxerit ad librariorum
curram scrinia, Caesios, Aquinos,
Suffenum, omnia colligam venena.
ac te his suppliciis remunerabor. 20
vos hinc interea valete abite
illuc, unde malum pedem attulistis,
saecli incommoda, pessimi poetae.
How does "oculis meis" (line 1) translate?
By my eyes
Than my eyes
With my eyes
For my eyes
Than my eyes
"Oculis meis" in line 1 is in the ablative case. The presence of the word "plus," a comparative adjective, indicates that something or things are being compared. When you have a comparative paired with the ablative case, you translate the ablative words with the word "than." The correct translation is "than my eyes."
(Passage adapted from "Catullus 14," ln.1-23)
Example Question #4 : Poetic Syntax
Ni te plus oculis meis amarem,
iucundissime Calve, munere isto
odissem te odio Vatiniano:
nam quid feci ego quidve sum locutus,
cur me tot male perderes poetis? 5
isti di mala multa dent clienti,
qui tantum tibi misit impiorum.
quod si, ut suspicor, hoc novum ac repertum
munus dat tibi Sulla litterator,
non est mi male, sed bene ac beate, 10
quod non dispereunt tui labores.
di magni, horribilem et sacrum libellum!
quem tu scilicet ad tuum Catullum
misti, continuo ut die periret,
Saturnalibus, optimo dierum! 15
non non hoc tibi, false, sic abibit.
nam si luxerit ad librariorum
curram scrinia, Caesios, Aquinos,
Suffenum, omnia colligam venena.
ac te his suppliciis remunerabor. 20
vos hinc interea valete abite
illuc, unde malum pedem attulistis,
saecli incommoda, pessimi poetae.
The antecedent of "qui" (line 7) is __________.
multa
perderes
me
clienti
clienti
A relative pronoun must agree with its antecedent in number and gender. The possibilities for the form "qui" are nominative singular masculine or nominative plural masculine. That narrows down the choices to "me" and "clienti"; however, the context of the next clause clears up the confusion. Whoever the "qui" is referring to has given Calvus something wicked. Since the rest of the poem has been talking about something wicked that the author has recieved, we can assume that he is not the one who gave the wicked thing.
(Passage adapted from "Catullus 14," ln.1-23)
Example Question #1 : Poetic Syntax
Ni te plus oculis meis amarem,
iucundissime Calve, munere isto
odissem te odio Vatiniano:
nam quid feci ego quidve sum locutus,
cur me tot male perderes poetis? 5
isti di mala multa dent clienti,
qui tantum tibi misit impiorum.
quod si, ut suspicor, hoc novum ac repertum
munus dat tibi Sulla litterator,
non est mi male, sed bene ac beate, 10
quod non dispereunt tui labores.
di magni, horribilem et sacrum libellum!
quem tu scilicet ad tuum Catullum
misti, continuo ut die periret,
Saturnalibus, optimo dierum! 15
non non hoc tibi, false, sic abibit.
nam si luxerit ad librariorum
curram scrinia, Caesios, Aquinos,
Suffenum, omnia colligam venena.
ac te his suppliciis remunerabor. 20
vos hinc interea valete abite
illuc, unde malum pedem attulistis,
saecli incommoda, pessimi poetae.
Why are "horribilem," "sacrum," and "libellum" in the accusative case (line 12)?
Exclamatory accusative
Accusative as an appositive
Accusative direct object
Accusative of expression
Exclamatory accusative
The accusative case in Latin can be used to exclaim a statement. So, here, the author does exactly this in order to further emphasize how strong his feelings are. It is an exclamatory accusative.
(Passage adapted from "Catullus 14," ln.1-23)
Example Question #2 : Grammar, Syntax, And Scansion In Poetry
Ni te plus oculis meis amarem,
iucundissime Calve, munere isto
odissem te odio Vatiniano:
nam quid feci ego quidve sum locutus,
cur me tot male perderes poetis? 5
isti di mala multa dent clienti,
qui tantum tibi misit impiorum.
quod si, ut suspicor, hoc novum ac repertum
munus dat tibi Sulla litterator,
non est mi male, sed bene ac beate, 10
quod non dispereunt tui labores.
di magni, horribilem et sacrum libellum!
quem tu scilicet ad tuum Catullum
misti, continuo ut die periret,
Saturnalibus, optimo dierum! 15
non non hoc tibi, false, sic abibit.
nam si luxerit ad librariorum
curram scrinia, Caesios, Aquinos,
Suffenum, omnia colligam venena.
ac te his suppliciis remunerabor. 20
vos hinc interea valete abite
illuc, unde malum pedem attulistis,
saecli incommoda, pessimi poetae.
Why is "periret" (line 14) subjunctive?
Ut Purpose
Simile
Jussive
Ut Causal
Ut Purpose
"Periret" is subjunctive in order to show purpose. The author claims that his friend sent the poems so that they may kill him. In other words, they were sent for this specific purpose.
(Passage adapted from "Catullus 14," ln.1-23)
Example Question #2 : Poetic Syntax
Cenabis bene, mi Fabulle, apud me
paucis, si tibi di favent, diebus,
si tecum attuleris bonam atque magnam
cenam, non sine candida puella
et vino et sale et omnibus cachinnis. 5
haec si, inquam, attuleris, venuste noster,
cenabis bene; nam tui Catulli
plenus sacculus est aranearum.
sed contra accipies meros amores
seu quid suavius elegantiusve est: 10
nam unguentum dabo, quod meae puellae
donarunt Veneres Cupidinesque,
quod tu cum olfacies, deos rogabis,
totum ut te faciant, Fabulle, nasum.
What word is the object of "favent" in line 2?
di
diebus
cenam (line 4)
tibi
tibi
The verb "faveo, favere" takes a word in the dative case as its direct object. The commas in the text indicate that both "paucis" and "diebus" are in a separate clause from the word "favent." The word "di" can only ever be nominative or vocative [it is a shortened form of the word "dei" (from "deus, dei")]. "Cenam" in line 4 is a first-declension word, so it can only be accusative singular. "Tibi," however, is the dative case form of "tu." The phrase translates as if the gods favor you.
(Passage adapted from "Catullus 13," ln.1-14)
Example Question #3 : Poetic Syntax
Cenabis bene, mi Fabulle, apud me
paucis, si tibi di favent, diebus,
si tecum attuleris bonam atque magnam
cenam, non sine candida puella
et vino et sale et omnibus cachinnis. 5
haec si, inquam, attuleris, venuste noster,
cenabis bene; nam tui Catulli
plenus sacculus est aranearum.
sed contra accipies meros amores
seu quid suavius elegantiusve est: 10
nam unguentum dabo, quod meae puellae
donarunt Veneres Cupidinesque,
quod tu cum olfacies, deos rogabis,
totum ut te faciant, Fabulle, nasum.
How many words (incuding adjectives) are the object of "sine"?
3
6
2
1
6
The word "sine" is a preposition that takes the ablative case. In the following phrase, "candida," "puella," "vino," "sale," "omnibus," and "cachinnis" are all in the ablative case. They are all the object of "sine," as there is no other word in the clause to govern them.
(Passage adapted from "Catullus 13," ln.1-14)
Example Question #1 : Grammar, Syntax, And Scansion In Poetry
Cenabis bene, mi Fabulle, apud me
paucis, si tibi di favent, diebus,
si tecum attuleris bonam atque magnam
cenam, non sine candida puella
et vino et sale et omnibus cachinnis. 5
haec si, inquam, attuleris, venuste noster,
cenabis bene; nam tui Catulli
plenus sacculus est aranearum.
sed contra accipies meros amores
seu quid suavius elegantiusve est: 10
nam unguentum dabo, quod meae puellae
donarunt Veneres Cupidinesque,
quod tu cum olfacies, deos rogabis,
totum ut te faciant, Fabulle, nasum.
The "-ve" ending on the end of "elegantiusve" connects which two words?
"elegantius" and "est"
"elegantius" and "quid"
"elegantius" and "seu"
"elegantius" and "suavius"
"elegantius" and "suavius"
"-Ve" acts as the conjunction or. Just like "-que," it joins the word it is attached to to the preceding word. "-Ve" is joining "elegantius" with "suavius."
Example Question #2 : Grammar, Syntax, And Scansion In Poetry
Cenabis bene, mi Fabulle, apud me
paucis, si tibi di favent, diebus,
si tecum attuleris bonam atque magnam
cenam, non sine candida puella
et vino et sale et omnibus cachinnis. 5
haec si, inquam, attuleris, venuste noster,
cenabis bene; nam tui Catulli
plenus sacculus est aranearum.
sed contra accipies meros amores
seu quid suavius elegantiusve est: 10
nam unguentum dabo, quod meae puellae
donarunt Veneres Cupidinesque,
quod tu cum olfacies, deos rogabis,
totum ut te faciant, Fabulle, nasum.
To what word does "quod" (line 11) refer?
veneres
cupidines
puellae
unguentum
unguentum
Relative pronouns like "quod" must always come after the words they're describing. Additionally, they must agree in number and gender with their antecedents. Since "quod" is singular and neuter, its antecedent can only be "unguentum," since all of the other words are plural and different genders.
(Passage adapted from "Catullus 13," ln.1-14)
All AP Latin Resources
