In a triangular population pyramid, the youngest people in a society make up the highest percentage of that society. It is symptomatic of high birth rates and high death rates, so the best answer choice here is Liberia. South Africa is somewhat more developed than Liberia, so it has a population pyramid closer to a rectangle. The same is true for Moldova and to a greater extent Andorra and the United Kingdom.

Infant mortality rate measures how many babies, per thousand births, die before their first birthday. In many parts of Sub-Saharan Africa, the number is as high as one hundred. In almost all of the developed world, this number is less than ten. In what may seem like an illogical paradox, a high infant mortality rate generally correlates to a high rate of population growth—this is in part because when a culture believes many of its children will die before reaching adulthood (or even childhood), people of that culture tend to have more babies.

Since the population is expected to double over the period of those 35 years, it is most appropriate described as "doubling time." Since we know nothing of the death rate, crude or otherwise, we cannot determine the natural increase rate or even speak of life expectancy. Similarly, as we know nothing of the demographics, we cannot determine the demographic transition rate. 

Crude birth rate (CBR) is the number of live births per year for every 1,000 people alive. When the crude death rate (CDR) is subtracted from the crude birth rate (CBR), you can determine an area's rate of natural increase. A higher CBR indicates population growth in an area, while a higher CDR indicates population decline.

IMR is the number of infant deaths (children under 1 years old) per 1,000 live births, not children under 5 years old. According to the UN, the under-5 mortality rate of the world is around 73. All of the other answer choices are true.

You can use an age distribution to approximate survival rates by calculating the difference proportion of individuals in age classes.

Serving on the U.S. President's Cabinet is a high-ranking position within one of the most powerful governments in the world. This job is a high-level decision-making position in the government.

Working as a commercial plumber is not a high-ranking position. Even if said plumber owns their own small business, that person is not making high-level decisions that influence the economy.

Researching genetic-engineering for a government-funded firm is also not high-ranking. Researchers are low-level employees who gain data for the people that make decisions, but they themselves do not usually make the decisions for a company or firm.

Teaching new methods of irrigation for an NGO does require making decisions, but the decisions being made are not the high-level decisions that influence the economy of the NGO or a country.

Managing a Subway restaurant can require high-level decision making, but it is not the decision-making the ultimately influences the economic growth of the Subway company. The CEO of Subway is the only position within the company that would be considered to carry the high-level decision-making duties.

The Great Wall of China is an example of a relic boundary, or a nonfunctional boundary that still exists.

India and Pakistan were both part of the British Raj, which encompassed modern day India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, and Sikkim. In 1947, Britain granted self-rule to its former dominions in Southeast Asia, and it was believed that most of the former Raj would become one country, known as India. However, Muslim leaders in the country wanted a Muslim country, creating East and West Pakistan. In 1972, West Pakistan became the independent nation of Bangladesh.

Compact states feature their capitals in the center. No other type of state shape has a set capital location. Prorupted states are states wherein a piece of the state is projected. Elongated states are long and narrow. Perforated states feature a state fully enclosed inside another state's territory. Fragmented states have two or more pieces to them.