All of these countries have relatively few people employed in agriculture except China. In China almost half the country is employed in agricultural work, although this proportion is declining rapidly as China industrializes and urbanizes at unprecedented rates. Still, much of China’s massive population remains rural and tied to farming work.

Esther Boserup is a notable agricultural geographer whose most well-known theory provides a direct counter-argument to Malthus’ conclusions about population growth. Boserup argues that population growth is a positive force because it encourages agricultural innovation and the design of new technology in order to allow fewer people to produce a larger quantity of goods.

In the 1930s between thirty and forty percent of Americans were employed in agricultural work. By the 1970s that number had fallen to less than five percent. This dramatic shift had many causes, but the most notable included the following: rapid mechanization, urbanization, and the global Green Revolution.

Food Security is defined by the United Nations (UN) as the above mentioned definition in the question. According to the UN, about one-eighth of the world currently does not have food security. This means that they do not have enough access to food to support a nutritious and healthy style for the population in the region. The most undernourished region of the world is Africa, specifically the Sahel region where famine is a severe threat.

The following are the definitions of the other terms given as answer choices for this question.

Dietary Energy Consumption: The amount of food that an individual consumes.

Commercial Agriculture: A form of agriculture undertaken in order to generate products for sale off of the farm in order to make a profit.

The Green Revolution: A rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers, and other equipment to make farming more efficient and profitable.

Intensive subsistence agriculture: A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum yield from a piece of land.

In developed countries, 5% of workers are directly involved in farming. Agricultural production is still high with a low amount of workers because of the technology and machinery used to farm.

Food security is defined as a person's access to food that will meet their dietary needs. There needs to be enough food, good food, and affordable food.

99% of the world's undernourished people can be found in developing countries.

A milkshed refers to an area surrounding the milk source (dairy farm) where milk is supplied without spoiling. Depending on transportation methods, the milkshed will vary in size.

Modern industrial farming relies heavily on inputs of fossil fuels in the form of pesticides and herbicides. Furthermore, industrial farming is largely based on monocultures, which represent the simplification of complex ecosystems. The only option not directly associated with industrial farming is ocean acidification. Although ocean acidification occurs due to increased carbon dioxide concentration, this is not as direct of an impact as the other options. 

Monoculture refers to the practice of growing one crop over a large area. This leads to environmental issues, increased reliance on pesticides and herbicides, and an overall decrease in genetic diversity. 

One benefit to monocultures however, is the fact that they can generally be harvested by machines. This tends to decrease the effort required to harvest them. This means that the only option that is NOT a weakness is, "Increased effort required for harvest."